My research interests can be broadly combined into the field of comparative and environmental physiology. I employ an integrated approach to my research and work at all levels of organization to determine physiological responses to the environment. My work has spanned a broad range of taxa from humans, rodents, sharks, fish and shellfish across diverse environments and ecosystems. The cascade of mechanisms from the whole animal to the mitochondria that regulate oxygen (uptake, transport, consumption) and substrate (mobilization, cellular uptake, oxidation) supply, as well as mitochondrial function to ensure adequate energy production has been the focus of my research to date. I am interested in the effects of both environmental (natural and anthropogenic) and metabolic stress on these various levels of regulation, and how animals are able to modify these processes to maintain energetic homeostasis.