Note:  The listing of a course in the Calendar is not a guarantee that the course is offered every year.

Note:  Students must obtain a grade of at least C- in all courses used to fulfill prerequisite requirements. Otherwise, written permission of the appropriate Department Head or Program Co-ordinator must be obtained.

ANTH 1011 (3.00)
Introduction to Anthropology
The course is designed to introduce students to the major fields of anthropology (physical, archaeological, linguistic and cultural) and to the major domains of cultural and social anthropology (types of society, social change, and political, economic, kinship and religious institutions). (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ANTH 1991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Anthropology
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by the Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for ANTH 1991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

ANTH 2231 (3.00)
Culture and Communication
Prereq: ANTH 1011 and 3 credits in Social Sciences; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: ANTH 3231
This course presents an anthropological analysis of verbal and non-verbal systems of communication as well as the influence of language on human cognition. The aim is to develop an understanding of the role of bodily movements, facial expressions, and the use of personal space and symbolic gestures in the communicative process. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ANTH 2401 (3.00)
Anthropology and the Life Course
Prereq: ANTH 1011 and 3 credits in Social Sciences; or permission of the Department
This course examines the human life course in comparative perspective. It expands on many of the anthropological concepts introduced at the 1000 level, but centres on exploring the relationship between individuals and their ecological and sociocultural environments throughout the life cycle. It covers such topics as birth, infancy, childhood, adolescence, family relations, and work in different cultures. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ANTH 2501 (3.00)
Environment and Society
Prereq: ANTH 1011 and 3 credits in Social Sciences; or permission of the Department
A study of the various types of society, both past and present, that have emerged or been transformed through their interaction with their environments. The course will explore features associated with the major forms of society from foraging, through horticultural and agrarian, to industrial and post-industrial societal types. It will explore such themes as demography, resource exploitation, ecological adaptation, energy access, and environmental impact, in the context of social organization and societal formation.(Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ANTH 2521 (3.00)
Anthropological Perspectives on Development
Prereq: ANTH 1011 and 3 credits in Social Sciences; or permission of the Department
An examination of development issues at the global and local levels, with emphasis on gender and indigenous peoples. The focus will fall on such questions as "What is development?" and "Who benefits?" The course reviews the contribution of applied anthropology, participatory action research, and popular education to development models, theory, and praxis. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ANTH 2991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Anthropology
Prereq: ANTH 1011 and 3 credits in Social Sciences; or permission of the Department
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by the Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for ANTH 2991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

ANTH 3021 (3.00)
Classical Theory in Anthropology
Prereq: ANTH 1011 and 6 credits from 2000 level Anthropology courses; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: Any version of ANTH 3021 previously offered with a different title
A review of the historical emergence of and major approaches taken to cultural and social anthropology. It will introduce the students to the major components of evolutionism, neo-evolutionism, particularism, functionalism, culture and personality, cultural materialism, and ecological anthropology. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ANTH 3031 (3.00)
Indigenous Knowledge Systems: Theoretical and Methodological Issues
Prereq: ANTH 1011 and 6 credits from 2000 level Anthropology courses; or permission of the Department
This course explores the epistemology of systems of knowledge of Indigenous Peoples throughout the world. We ask questions such as "How is knowledge constructed?" "What is embodied in the terms "science" and "ethnoscience?" "Does Indigenous Knowledge differ from Scientific Knowledge and are there possibilities for integration in education, development and research?" (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ANTH 3101 (3.00)
Social Inequality
Prereq: ANTH 1011 and 6 credits from 2000 level Anthropology courses; or permission of the Department
A critical and comparative analysis of social inequality, one of the original and central issues in social thought. The course will consider the major theoretical interpretations of the various forms of structured social inequality. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ANTH 3311 (3.00)
Anthropological Research Methods
Prereq: ANTH 1011 and 6 credits from 2000 level Anthropology courses; or permission of the Department
This course introduces students to the central elements in anthropological field research methods, past and present. Topics covered include: research goals and project design; participant-observation and related techniques for acquiring original data; practical and ethical considerations regarding the field experience. (Format: Lecture/Case Studies 3 Hours)

ANTH 3321 (3.00)
Field Course in Anthropology
This course is designed to provide students with an intensive field experience, during which they pursue research on a topic to be chosen by the Instructor. As such, the course is not designed to be offered during normal term time, but is available to students through Continuous Learning. Completion of ANTH 3311 (Anthropological Research Methods) is recommended before registering for this course. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: Permission of the Department is Required.]

ANTH 3401 (3.00)
Belief Systems
Prereq: ANTH 1011 and 6 credits from 2000 level Anthropology courses; or permission of the Department
This course explores the relationship between ideas, beliefs and social/cultural context. It covers a wide range of phenomena, among which are magic, witchcraft, shamanism, initiation and other types of rituals, and religious movements. (Format: Lecture/Case Studies 3 Hours)

ANTH 3421 (3.00)
Folklore
Prereq: ANTH 1011 and 6 credits from 2000 level Anthropology courses; or permission of the Department
A survey of the various types of folklore - tale, song, rhyme, riddle, proverb, belief, and custom with particular attention to their form and function in relation to their contextual setting. Collection and analysis of examples by students will be combined with the use of materials from the Mary Mellish Archibald Memorial collection in the Library. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ANTH 3531 (3.00)
Family and Kinship
Prereq: ANTH 1011 and 6 credits from 2000 level Anthropology courses; or permission of the Department
A study of a central principle of social organization and a major institution in society. The course will investigate the forms and functions of kinship and the role of and changes in the family in relation to pre-industrial, industrial and post-industrial societies. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ANTH 3541 (3.00)
Ethnobotany
Prereq: ANTH 1011 and 6 credits from 2000 level Anthropology courses; or permission of the Department
Ethnobotany is the systematic study of how people of a particular region use and relate to plants. The scope of the course is global with special emphasis on the ecosystems of the Atlantic Region. Each year focuses on a different ecosystem. This is a field course, incorporating field trips and site visits as a class and for independent study, and providing basic skills for carrying out ethnobotanical fieldwork - plant identification and description, taxonomies, applications of specific plants for food, technology and medicine in different cultural traditions, ethnobotanical research methods and ethical issues. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ANTH 3621 (3.00)
Health and Culture
Prereq: ANTH 1011 and 6 credits from 2000 level Anthropology courses; or permission of the Department
A review of the relations between human health and culture, biology and environment, with reference to the social dimensions of health, sickness, disease, and treatment. Through cross cultural and historic comparisons, connections between mainstream and alternate medicine are explored, and the role of anthropology in clinical settings and international health is discussed. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ANTH 3801 (3.00)
Aboriginal Peoples and Cultures of Canada
Prereq: ANTH 1011 and 6 credits from 2000 level Anthropology courses; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: ANTH 2801
This course is a survey of the dynamics of Aboriginal life in Canada linking its rich and varied past with the challenges of the present. It follows the development of Aboriginal societies in Canada drawing on archaeological, linguistic and ethnographic data to reveal a complex picture of regional cultural diversity. Attention is given to contemporary issues of rights, economic development, and governance. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ANTH 3821 (3.00)
Maritime Aboriginal Cultures in Ethnographic Perspective
Prereq: ANTH 1011 and 6 credits from 2000 level Anthropology courses; or permission of the Department
This course focuses on the aboriginal cultures of Atlantic Canada, offering an overview of the region and critical appraisal of ethnographic materials relating to its various peoples. Topics covered include: oral tradition, language and identity, healing and traditional medicine, spirituality, relations with Euro-Canadians, political movements, and issues of resource management. (Format: Lecture/Case Studies 3 Hours)

ANTH 3831 (3.00)
Areal Ethnography
Prereq: ANTH 1011 and 6 credits from 2000 level Anthropology courses; or permission of the Department
An ethnographic study of an area other than those covered in other 3800 courses. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ANTH 3841 (3.00)
Southeast Asian Ethnography
Prereq: ANTH 1011 and 6 credits from 2000 level Anthropology courses; or permission of the Department
A course addressing social, cultural, and political issues in Southeast Asia from historical and contemporary perspectives, and considering social change and culture persistence in the region and in particular countries. Current topics such as refugees, biodiversity, gender, trade and development, nationalism, the legitimization of power, and relations between ethnic minorities and the state will be examined. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ANTH 3851 (3.00)
Artic Ethnography
Prereq: ANTH 1011 and 6 credits from 2000 level Anthropology courses; or permission of the Department
A survey course exploring the diversity of the circumpolar regions, Siberia, Alaska, Greenland, Scandinavia and the Canadian North. How indigenous cultures have flourished in the harshest environment on earth will be examined. In addition, current issues facing indigenous peoples today such as, land claims, self-government, intellectual property rights, and transnational linkages, will be discussed. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ANTH 3861 (3.00)
African Ethnography
Prereq: ANTH 1011 and 6 credits from 2000 level Anthropology courses; or permission of the Department
A course in which ethnographic studies of African peoples will be considered from a critical perspective. through course-readings and lectures and in extended class discussions covering a range of topics including art, ritual, gender, history, economy and world view. Students will be called upon to question the ways in which Africa and African people have been represented in anthropological, colonial and popular discourses. Current issues that dominate academic and popular writing on the continent and its inhabitants will be approached from this same critical stance. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ANTH 3871 (3.00)
North African and Middle Eastern Ethnography
Prereq: ANTH 1011 and 6 credits from 2000 level Anthropology courses; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: ANTH 3831 - Areal Ethnography Mideast/Middle East and North Africa
This course explores the themes of similarity and difference among Muslim, Jewish, and Christian populations of North Africa and the Middle East in historical and contemporary perspective. Topics include the relationship between state and society through such institutions as family, gender, ritual, law, and foodways. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ANTH 3991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Anthropology
Prereq: ANTH 1011 and 6 crediits from 2000 level Anthropology; or permission of the Department
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by the Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for ANTH 3991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

ANTH 4021 (3.00)
Contemporary Theory in Anthropology
Prereq: ANTH 3021 or 3031, 3311; and three additional 3000 level credits in Anthropology; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: Any version of ANTH 4021 previously offered with a different title
This seminar course is an advanced consideration of theory in anthropology since 1980. It explores the emergence and impact of major national styles of anthropological thought as well as the contribution of key individuals. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

ANTH 4311 (3.00)
Critical Ethnography
Prereq: ANTH 3021 or 3031; 3311; 3 credits from ANTH 3800 series; or permission of the Department
An advanced seminar exploring the relationship between anthropological field research - fieldwork - and anthropological writing - ethnographies. This course deals with issues of form, content and purpose in contemporary ethnographies. The status of ethnographic 'facts' and 'truth' is a central concern. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

ANTH 4421 (3.00)
The Anthropology of Performance
Prereq: ANTH 3021 or 3031; 3311; 3401 or 3421; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: ANTH 4401
This course investigates the ongoing construction and interactional nature of culture. This seminar addresses contemporary discussions surrounding performance as an analytical tool in the context of ritual, representation, identity, mimicry and mimesis, everyday life, and art, through a variety of theoretical perspectives. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

ANTH 4531 (3.00)
Cultural Ecology
Prereq: ANTH 3541; or permission of the Department
This course explores the relationship amongst human groups and their social, symbolic and physical surroundings. It discusses cultural systems as the means by which humans adapt to, interact with, and invest meaning into, their environments. Students will become familiar with current theoretical, methodological and applied issues in cultural ecology with special emphasis on traditional plant knowledge. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

ANTH 4621 (3.00)
The Body in Culture
Prereq: ANTH 3021 or 3031; 3311; 3 credits from ANTH 3800 series; or permission of the Department
A seminar course exploring contemporary ethnographies that focus on the body as a site and instrument of culture. Topics addressed may include the senses, violence, adornment, foodways, and movement. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

ANTH 4721 (3.00)
Globalization and Social Change
Prereq: ANTH 3021 or 3031; 3311; 3 credits from ANTH 3800 series; or permission of the Department
This course uses ethnographic materials to explore the meanings and central processes of globalization as a force in reshaping social and cultural life everywhere. Particular concerns include the relationship between globalization, inequality and poverty, the fate of cultural diversity in a globalizing world, and issues of gender, ethnicity, the environment, social justice, and human rights. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

ANTH 4901 (3.00)
Issues in Anthropology
Prereq: ANTH 3021 or 3031; three additional 3000 level credits in Anthropology; or permission of the Department
A study of specific issues in Anthropology. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

ANTH 4950 (6.00)
Independent Study in Anthropology
This course permits senior students, under the direction of faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study. (Format: Independent Study) [Note 1: Permission of the Department/Program Advisor is Required. Students must obtain consent of an instructor who is willing to be a supervisor and must register for the course prior to the last day for change of registration in the term during which the course is being taken. Note 2: A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. Note 3: Students may register for ANTH 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

ANTH 4951 (3.00)
Independent Study in Anthropology
This course permits senior students, under the direction of faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study. (Format: Independent Study) [Note 1: Permission of the Department/Program Advisor is Required. Students must obtain consent of an instructor who is willing to be a supervisor and must register for the course prior to the last day for change of registration in the term during which the course is being taken. Note 2: A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. Note 3: Students may register for ANTH 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

ANTH 4990 (6.00)
Honours Thesis
(Format: Independent Study/Thesis) [Note 1: Prereq: Permission of the Department]

ANTH 4991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Anthropology
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by the Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for ANTH 4991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

Note:  Interdisciplinary Major and Honours in Sociology/Anthropology are also available. See Sociology/Anthropology.

See Fine Arts

Note:  The listing of a course in the Calendar is not a guarantee that the course is offered every year.

Note:  Students must obtain a grade of at least C- in all courses used to fulfill prerequisite requirements. Otherwise, written permission of the appropriate Department Head or Program Co-ordinator must be obtained.

BIOC 1001 (3.00)
Introductory Biochemistry
This course introduces current topics and advances in Biochemistry and engages students in the scope and activities of the discipline. It examines the central role of water in biological systems, leading to an introduction of acid-base equilibria, the properties of biological membranes, and the bioenergetics of solutes moving across membranes. It introduces the principles of carbon bonding and electronegativity, leading to coverage of the bioorganic functional groups, whose characteristic properties and reactions combine to create the highly complex biological macromolecule classes of carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. (Format: Integrated Lecture and Tutorial, 3 Hours)

BIOC 1991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Biochemistry
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by the Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for BIOC 1991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

BIOC 2001 (3.00)
Enzymology and Metabolism
Prereq: BIOC 1001; or permission of the Program Advisor
Exclusion: Any version of BIOC 2001 previously offered with a different title
This course examines the functional role of proteins as enzymes and the part they play in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism as well as how they harness energy in photosynthesis. Throughout the course, we focus on the unifying themes of protein regulation, basic redox chemistry and bioenergetics. The lab component gives fundamental training in core biochemistry techniques. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

BIOC 2991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Biochemistry
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by the Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for BIOC 2991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

BIOC 3001 (3.00)
Experiential Biochemistry
Prereq: BIOC 2001; or permission of the Program Advisor
This course teaches students to plan and conduct a range of current biochemical analyses including spectroscopy, gas analyses, and chromatographic separations and imaging, with particular emphasis on the new opportunities opened through high-throughput computerized data capture applied to both established and new instrumental analyses. In parallel it guides students through the processes of plotting, interpreting, and presenting the meaning of their results. (Format: Integrated Lecture and Laboratory, 6 Hours)

BIOC 3031 (3.00)
Molecular Analyses
Prereq: BIOC 2001; or permission of the Program Advisor
Exclusion: BIOC 3531, BIOC 3021
This course focuses on experiential analysis and computer modeling of key concepts of the molecular basis of biology, including nucleic acid structure, synthesis, and replication through template-directed polymerizations. The course builds on these key concepts to explore gene structure, expression, and engineering, leading to the wide-ranging applications of molecular biology to biology, medicine, and diagnostics. (Format: Integrated Lecture and Laboratory, 6 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed as BIOL 3031 and may therefore count as 3 credits in either discipline. Note 2: This course is required for students completing a Major or Honours in Biochemistry. It is open to students from other programs on a space available basis, provided that the student has met the prerequisite requirement.]

BIOC 3041 (3.00)
Nucleic Acids: Structures, Mechanisms And Regulations
Prereq: BIOC 2001 and BIOL 2601
Exclusion: The equivalent course offered as BIOC 4991 in 2009 and 2010
This course interlinks structural, mechanistic, and regulatory aspects of nucleic acid function. It explores the structures of DNA and RNA and how DNA assembles into chromosomes. It also reviews the mechanisms of DNA replication, repair, recombination, transcription, and RNA splicing. It examines the complexity and ingenuity of gene regulation in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

BIOC 3131 (3.00)
Organic Chemistry: Bioorganic
Prereq: CHEM 2121; or permission of the Chemistry Department
This course presents the principles of organic chemistry as they apply to biochemical problems. Topics covered include enzymic reaction mechanisms, enzyme cofactors, peptide and nucleic acid synthesis, and enzymes in organic synthesis. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed with CHEM 3131 and may therefore count as three credits in either discipline. Chemistry students should register for CHEM 3131.]

BIOC 3501 (3.00)
Advanced Metabolism
Prereq: BIOC 2001
This course examines the coordinated biochemical transformations of matter, energy, and information through metabolic pathways, emphasizing nitrogen, lipid, and secondary metabolism, metabolic compartmentalization and integration, and bioenergetics. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

BIOC 3521 (3.00)
Protein Biochemistry
Prereq: BIOC 2001; or permission of the Program Advisor
This course examines the relations between protein structure and function at the primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels; enzyme catalysis and mechanism; isolation, purification, and characterization of proteins; the metabolism of proteins through synthesis and degradation; and recent trends in protein design. Students learn sequence comparison, motif searching, and development of visual protein structures constructed from the protein structural data bases available over the web. The course introduces mass spectroscopic analyses of the proteome and protein sequencing. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

BIOC 3711 (3.00)
Biochemical Ecology
Prereq: BIOL 2101, BIOC 2001; or permission of the Biology Department
This course deals with the biochemistry of interactions between animals, plants and microorganisms that occur in the natural environment. It places strong emphasis on the role of "secondary metabolites" or "natural products" such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, etc., in the insect-plant, vertebrate-plant, plant-plant and vertebrate-vertebrate relationships. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed with BIOL 3711 and may therefore count as three credits in either discipline.]

BIOC 3991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Biochemistry
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by the Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for BIOC 3991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

BIOC 4011 (3.00)
Immunochemistry
Prereq: BIOC 2001; or permission of the Program Advisor
This course explains the core molecular structures of the immune system: antibodies and their interactions with antigens. It places these molecular interactions in the context of the cells and tissues of the immune system and the signaling cascades that regulate immune responses. The course concludes with topics in immunology and applications of immunochemistry. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

BIOC 4021 (3.00)
Lipid and Membrane Biochemistry
Prereq: BIOC 2001; or permission of the Program Advisor
This course covers the metabolism of major classes of lipids, their roles in signal transduction, and their interactions with proteins. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

BIOC 4031 (3.00)
Signal Transduction
Prereq: BIOC 3041; or permission of the Program Advisor
This course examines the processes by which cells receive external signals and convert this information into cellular events through ordered sequences of biochemical reactions that may result in changes to cellular metabolism, behaviour, or gene expression.(Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

BIOC 4351 (3.00)
Inorganic Chemistry: Bioinorganic
Prereq: CHEM 3321; or permission of the Chemistry Department
This course examines the roles metals play in biochemical systems, and includes an overview of bioinorganic chemistry and a discussion of metals in medicine. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed with CHEM 4351 and may therefore count as three credits in either discipline.]

BIOC 4903 (3.00)
Current Advances in Biochemistry
Coreq: BIOC 4990
This is a seminar course for Honours students in Biochemistry, which critically evaluates a wide range of topics from the current literature. Students are expected to deliver seminars on topics outside their thesis areas and to present preliminary thesis results. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

BIOC 4950 (6.00)
Independent Study in Biochemistry
This course permits senior students, under the direction of faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study. (Format: Independent Study) [ Note 1: Permission of the Department/Program Advisor is Required. Students must obtain consent of an instructor who is willing to be a supervisor and must register for the course prior to the last day for change of registration in the term during which the course is being taken. Note 2: A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. Note 3: Students may register for BIOC 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

BIOC 4951 (3.00)
Independent Study in Biochemistry
This course permits senior students, under the direction of faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study. (Format: Independent Study) [ Note 1: Permission of the Department/Program Advisor is Required. Students must obtain consent of an instructor who is willing to be a supervisor and must register for the course prior to the last day for change of registration in the term during which the course is being taken. Note 2: A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. Note 3: Students may register for BIOC 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

BIOC 4953 (3.00)
Independent Study in Biochemistry

BIOC 4990 (6.00)
Honours Thesis
Coreq: BIOC 4903
Exclusion: Registration in BIOC 4990; or permisison of the Program Advisor
The honours thesis is based upon a program of original student research conducted with the advice of an academic supervisor. (Format: Independent Study/Thesis) [Note 1: Consent of supervising staff member prior to registration and permission of the Program Advisor is Required.]

BIOC 4991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Biochemistry
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by the Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for BIOC 4991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

Note:  The listing of a course in the Calendar is not a guarantee that the course is offered every year.

Note:  Students must obtain a grade of at least C- in all courses used to fulfill prerequisite requirements. Otherwise, written permission of the appropriate Department Head or Program Co-ordinator must be obtained.

BIOL 1001 (3.00)
Evolution, Ecology, and the Diversity of Organisms
Exclusion: Any version of BIOL 1001 previously offered with a different title
This course introduces the diversity of organisms and their relationships and interactions with their environments in the context of evolutionary theory. Topics include Darwin's theory of natural selection, the genetic constitution of and changes in populations, population growth, the interactions of populations of different species, and a survey of the major plant and animal taxa. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)[Note 1: This course is designed for science majors. Students who intend to continue to study in Biology should note the need to complete CHEM 1001 as a prerequisite for BIOL 1501.]

BIOL 1201 (3.00)
Human Biology
A lecture and laboratory course based on the application of biological principles to practical human concerns. It will introduce the development, structure and function of the human body, and mechanisms involved in degenerative infectious diseases. This will be followed by a discussion of human reproduction and genetics. The impact of evolutionary theory on our understanding of the human species will be presented, as well as the interdependence between natural ecosystems and human activities. Threats to the environment through pollution and overpopulation will be discussed. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is restricted to non-science majors. Science majors require the instructor's permission to enrol.]

BIOL 1211 (3.00)
World Ecosystems
This course will introduce students to the basic concepts of population, community and ecosystem level ecology. Topics will include population growth, competition, succession, community composition and the cycling of energy. Field and laboratory work will stress direct measurement and observation of natural situations that illustrate these concepts. Students will take this course at a field station that offers adequate housing and laboratory facilities. These field stations may be anywhere in the world, but would most likely be in the Maritimes, the Caribbean or the Canadian Rockies. This course is offered only during the spring/summer session through Continuous Learning and only to non-Science majors. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

BIOL 1501 (3.00)
Cell Biology
Prereq: CHEM 1001; or permission of the Department
A course providing an introduction to the structure, organization and functions of the cell, which is the fundamental structural and functional unit of living organisms. Particular emphasis will be placed on eukaryotic cells. Topics to be discussed include membranes and organelles, communication within and between cells, membrane transport, the cell cycle, meiosis and mitosis. There is a laboratory component to this course. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

BIOL 1991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Biology
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by the Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for BIOL 1991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

BIOL 2101 (3.00)
Introduction to Ecology
Prereq: BIOL 1001 and 1501; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: Any version of BIOL 2101 previously offered with a different title
This course introduces current concepts of population and community ecology using local ecosystems and organisms, principally aquatic insects, whenever possible. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

BIOL 2301 (3.00)
Plant Biology
Prereq: BIOL 1001; or permission of the Department
An introductory course in botany designed to present the structure and function of plants with an emphasis on vascular plants. Topics considered will include comparative evolutionary history, and development and functional adaptations to the environment. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

BIOL 2401 (3.00)
Animal Biology
Prereq: BIOL 1001 and 1501; or permission of the Department
This course introduces students to the structure and function of major groups of invertebrate and vertebrate animals on a comparative basis by observation of both preserved and living material. Topics include comparative anatomy and phylogeny, and the evolution and function of locomotory, digestive, excretory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive systems.(Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

BIOL 2601 (3.00)
Genetics
Prereq: BIOL 1501; or permission of the Department
An introduction to genetics which will address the seemingly paradoxical phenomena of genetic continuity and genetic variation of living beings. This will be achieved by examining the cellular and molecular basis of gene replication, recombination and mutation. Viruses, bacteria and eukaryotes of various levels of organismic complexity will serve as examples both in lectures and laboratories. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

BIOL 2701 (3.00)
Introductory Design & Statistical Analysis
Prereq: BIOL 1501 and MATH 1111; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: BIOL 3701; any version of BIOL 2701 previously offered with a different title
This course introduces data analysis, the principles of experimental design and the formulating and testing of hypotheses. It describes graphical and statistical (t-test, chi-square test, ANOVA) analyses of laboratory and field collected data, and discusses their appropriate use in Biology. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: Students may count for credit towards a degree a maximum of 6 credits from BIOL 2701, GENS 2431, MATH 2311, and PSYC 2001.]

BIOL 2991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Biology
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by the Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for BIOL 2991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

BIOL 3011 (3.00)
Evolution
Prereq: BIOL 2601; or permission of the Department
A lecture-tutorial course investigating modern theories of biological evolution and natural selection. Discussion of these ideas requires an understanding of the types of evidence for biological change in organisms, of Mendelian genetics and mechanisms of inheritance, of sources of genetic variability in natural populations and of genetic equilibrium of populations. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

BIOL 3021 (3.00)
Palaeontology
Prereq: BIOL 2301 and 2401; or permission of the Department
Life on earth did not always exist in the form we know it today. Both physical and biological aspects of the environment have changed repeatedly and dramatically over time. This course will provide an overview of the major fossil plant and animal taxa in the context of the history of life on Earth. Morphology and anatomy of organisms will be discussed in relation to accompanying changes in marinal and terrestrial environments. The diagnostic features of the organisms used as time (biostratigraphy) and/or environmental (paleoecology) indicators will be emphasized when appropriate. We will discuss macroscopic and microscopic forms of life. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

BIOL 3031 (3.00)
Molecular Analyses
Prereq: BIOC 2001; or permission of the Program Advisor
Exclusion: BIOC 3531, BIOC 3021
This course focuses on experiential analysis and computer modeling of key concepts of the molecular basis of biology, including nucleic acid structure, synthesis, and replication through template-directed polymerizations. The course builds on these key concepts to explore gene structure, expression, and engineering, leading to the wide-ranging applications of molecular biology to biology, medicine, and diagnostics. (Format: Integrated Lecture and Laboratory, 6 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed with BIOC 3031 and may therefore count as 3 credits in either discipline. Note 2: This course is required for students completing a Major or Honours in Biochemistry. It is open to students from other programs on a space available basis, provided that the student has met the prerequisite requirement.]

BIOL 3101 (3.00)
Microorganisms
Prereq: BIOC 2001; or permission of the Department
An introduction to the protists (algae, bacteria, fungi, protozoa) and to the viruses. The intent of this course is to make students familiar with the characteristics and nomenclature used to distinguish: (1) cells and viruses, (2) the major protists, and (3) sub-groups within each protist group. The natural and applied roles of these organisms will be discussed. Special emphasis will be placed on discussion of the bacteria because of the great diversity of habitats which are occupied as well as the equally great diversity of roles performed. Laboratory work will introduce the students to microbiological techniques and methods of identification. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

BIOL 3111 (3.00)
Functional Microbiology
Prereq: BIOC 2001; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: Any version of BIOL 3111 previously offered with a different title
This course emphasizes the ecophysiology of microorganisms, particularly prokaryotes, and their key roles in biogeochemical cycles. We will cover the key functional microbial groups which mediate major steps in the biogeochemical cycles, their ecological requirements and the limiting factors on their growth and activity. This will lead to discussion of the roles of microorganisms in current issues in biology and environmental science, including bio-remediation, biological control, climate change, antibiotic resistance, food processing and (re)emerging pathogens. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

BIOL 3201 (3.00)
Animal Physiology; Adaptation and Environment
Prereq: BIOL 2401; or permission of the Department
This course will focus on the physiological processes underpinning a monumental step in the evolution of the vertebrates, the transition from water to land. In lectures and laboratory exercises, the respiratory, circulatory, acid-base and osmoregulatory adaptations seen in fish to humans will be examined. The integration of animal physiology with the environment will also be studied by investigating metabolism and temperature. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

BIOL 3211 (3.00)
Human Cell Physiology
Prereq: BIOL 1501 and third-year standing; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: Any version of BIOL 3211 previously offered with a different title
This course investigates physiological processes at the level of the animal cell. It examines major principles in neurophysiology, muscle function, sensory systems and endocrinology. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

BIOL 3301 (3.00)
Physiological Plant Ecology
Prereq: BIOL 2101, BIOL 2301; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: BIOL 4301
This course examines the ways by which plants respond to their environments. Topics include a discussion of transpiration and heat transfer, photosynthesis in nature, vernalization, photoperiodism and response to stresses such as drought, temperature, salinity and pollutants. (Format: Lecture and Laboratory 3 Hours)

BIOL 3311 (3.00)
Developmental Biology
Prereq: BIOL 2601; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: Any version of BIOL 3311 previously offered with a different title
This course examines the development of selected invertebrates, vertebrates and plants. Topics to be covered include gametogenesis fertilization, mechanisms of cleavage and gastrulation, the organization of the early embryo as deduced from experimental manipulation, pattern formation, cloning, and regeneration. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

BIOL 3331 (3.00)
Selected Topics in Marine Science I
Prereq: BIOL 2101, 2301, 2401; or permission of the Department
The courses taken for these credits will be from among those offered in the Summer at the Huntsman Marine Science Centre in St. Andrews, N.B. Since course offerings will change yearly, students must obtain permission from the Department before enrolling for any course. All costs associated with the course must be borne by the student. (Format: Field courses at Huntsman Marine Science Centre)

BIOL 3341 (3.00)
Selected Topics in Marine Science II
Prereq: BIOL 2101, 2301, 2401; or permission of the Department
The courses taken for these credits will be from among those offered in the Summer at the Huntsman Marine Science Centre in St. Andrews, N.B. Since course offerings will change yearly, students must obtain permission from the Department before enrolling for any course. All costs associated with the course must be borne by the student. (Format: Field courses at Huntsman Marine Science Centre)

BIOL 3351 (3.00)
Marine Botany
Prereq: BIOL 2301; or permission of the Department
A lecture, laboratory, and field course summarizing recent advances in our understanding of macroscopic plant growth in the sea. This progress has been based upon studies involving morphology, development, physiology, and ecology. The following topics will be emphasized: the sea as an environment for plants to grow, production of marine plants, morphogenesis and geographic distribution of marine plants, and use of marine plants. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

BIOL 3361 (3.00)
Marine Biology I: Coastal Systems
Prereq: BIOL 2101, 2301, 2401; or permission of the Department
Estuarine, intertidal and subtidal ecosystems exist at the interface of marine and terrestrial environments. In this course, students will study the ecology of these systems at the individual, population and community level. Topics will include community structure, food webs, reproductive biology of benthic organisms, and effects of physical and anthropogenic factors. The course will involve a field trip to the Huntsman Marine Sciences Centre in St. Andrews, N.B. Students will be expected to contribute to their accommodation costs. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Field Trip)

BIOL 3401 (3.00)
Animal Behaviour
Prereq: BIOL 2101, 2401; or permission of the Department
A course which will present the development, physiology, ecology and evolution of animal behaviour. Topics to be discussed will include basic concepts of behavioural organization; physiology of behaviour, learning and memory phenomena; behaviour of communication; reproductive behaviour and mating systems; spatial distribution patterns and social systems; migrations and orientation mechanisms; feeding and anti-predator behaviours. Field excursions and laboratory exercises will permit students to observe and to quantify different behaviours in a variety of animal species. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

BIOL 3411 (3.00)
Ichthyology
Prereq: BIOL 2101 and 2401; or permission of the Department
This course provides an overview of the general biology of fish-like chordates, with particular emphasis on the teleost fishes, the most diverse and abundant taxonomic group of living vertebrates. Lectures will focus on adaptations that have allowed fishes to occupy most aquatic habitats and to become the most evolutionary successful group of vertebrates. Lectures will cover aspects of form and function, ecology and behaviour of evolutionary relationships. Laboratory exercises will provide students with practical experience at identifying specimens and learning about their form, function, behaviour, ecology and evolution. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

BIOL 3421 (3.00)
Biogeography
Prereq: GENS 2431, 2421; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: GEOG 3421
This course explores the links between the geomorphology and climatology of a region and the plant-animal environments through a biogeographical approach to ecological studies. It focuses on the geography of plants including environmental controls of plant distributions and the functional and historical aspects of plant communities. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed with GENS 3421 and may therefore count as three credits in either discipline.]

BIOL 3451 (3.00)
Entomology
Prereq: BIOL 2401; or permission of the Department
Insects surpass all other organisms in their diversity and numbers, comprising over two thirds of the earth's known animals. This course will introduce students to this class of organisms by covering the following six areas: structure, function classification and phylogeny, behaviour and ecology. Throughout the course, evolutionary forces influencing the animals and systems involved will be stressed. Discussions will emphasize the use of the comparative methods to determine what these forces might be. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory/Field Trip 3 Hours)

BIOL 3501 (3.00)
Native Flora (vascular Plants)
Prereq: BIOL 2301; or permission of the Department
A field-oriented course on identification, taxonomy, and ecology of vascular plants. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory/Field Trip 3 Hours)

BIOL 3511 (3.00)
Invertebrate Zoology
Prereq: BIOL 2401; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: BIOL 4511
This course investigates in an evolutionary framework the variation in body plan, physiology, reproduction, and ecology for the more than thirty invertebrate phyla. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

BIOL 3601 (3.00)
Ecological Genetics
Prereq: BIOL 2601, MATH 1111; or permission of the Department
This course builds on the material presented in Introductory Genetics, presenting theoretical concepts used in investigating the genetic properties of populations. The basic concepts used to describe and measure the genetic variation within and between populations will be presented in a lecture format. Theoretical and observed consequences of population differences will be considered. Students will be expected to participate in discussions and debates focussing on topics related to population genetics. Tutorials will provide opportunities to work through mathematical treatments of models and problem solving. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Tutorial 1 Hour)

BIOL 3611 (3.00)
Mammalogy
Prereq: BIOL 2101, 2401; or permission of the Department
Mammals are a successful and diverse group of vertebrates which have long been of cultural, economic and scientific interest to humans. This course will outline the evolution, radiation and biogeography of mammals, followed by a detailed examination of all extant mammalian orders. A strong emphasis of the course will be on the biology, ecology and conservation of North American mammals; however, students will also gain an appreciation for the world-web diversity of mammals, their life history strategies, and related conservation issues. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

BIOL 3621 (3.00)
Experiential Genetics
Prereq: BIOL 2601 Introductory Genetics; or permission of the Department
This course explores current problems in genetics through a series of research projects. The research projects introduce students to some or all of: Mendelian analysis, crosses using genetic model organisms (primarily Drosophila melanogaster), conventional light microscopy, fluorescent microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA extraction, gel electrophoresis, cytology, in situ hybridization, immunocytology, data mining, and related techniques. (Format: Integrated Lecture and Laboratory, 5 Hours)

BIOL 3651 (3.00)
Introduction to Ornithology
Prereq: BIOL 2101, 2401; or permission of the Department
An introduction to the study of birds through lectures, laboratories and field trips. All of the bird families represented in the Maritime region will be discussed, with special emphasis on anatomy, structural adaptations, behaviour and physiology. The species composing the bird communities of the Sackville area will be examined during field trips. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory/Field Trip 3 Hours)

BIOL 3711 (3.00)
Biochemical Ecology
Prereq: BIOL 2101, BIOC 2001; or permission of the Biology Department
This course deals with the biochemistry of interactions between animals, plants and microorganisms that occur in the natural environment. It places strong emphasis on the role of so-called "secondary metabolites" or "natural products" such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, etc., in the insect-plant, vertebrate-plant, plant-plant and vertebrate-vertebrate relationships. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed with BIOC 3711 and may therefore count as three credits in either discipline.]

BIOL 3751 (3.00)
Comparative Chordate Anatomy
Prereq: BIOL 2401; or permission of the Department
A lecture and laboratory course in which the structure, function and diversity of vertebrate animals will be examined and compared. It will discuss successive modifications of structural and functional systems found in vertebrates, and speculate on the survival value of these systems and on their relationships to contemporary environments. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

BIOL 3781 (3.00)
Tropical Marine Biology
Prereq: BIOL 2101, BIOL 2401; and permission of the Department
Exclusion: BIOL 4701
This course introduces students to the fauna, flora and complex ecological and behavioural interactions of organisms in tropical habitats and allows independent research in such habitats. Students explore coral reefs, reef lagoons, mangrove swamps and rocky shores. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Field Trip)[Note 1: The field component of this course usually takes place at a location in the Caribbean. Enrollment is limited and students should be aware of the additional costs of travel and participation fees.]

BIOL 3801 (3.00)
Theoretical and Evolutionary Ecology
Prereq: BIOL 2101; MATH 1111; third year standing; or permission of the Department
This course critically evaluates theories of population and evolutionary ecology that were introduced in BIOL 2101. It explores the effects of specific parameters on the predicted outcomes of classical ecological(such as population growth, competition, predation, and community) and evolutionary models using a suite of mathematical and simulation techniques. The course assesses the limitations, application, and interpretation of outcomes for each examined model. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

BIOL 3811 (3.00)
Conservation Biology
Prereq: BIOL 2101; or permission of the Department
The field of conservation biology applies to the principles of ecology, biogeography, and population genetics to the mitigation of human impact and the maintenance of global biodiversity. The course will familiarize the student with the concepts and principles of conservation biology and will encourage active debate about threats to ecological integrity and the ways scientists attempt to cope with such threats. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

BIOL 3911 (3.00)
Plants and Human Society
Prereq: Three credits from Biology, and third-year standing; or permission of the Department
This course investigates the interactions between plants and human societies from the introduction of agriculture until the present. It includes the consideration of the evolution of vascular plants, especially those important to agriculture and forestry. It emphasizes the origins of agriculture on various continents and discusses economic botany and the present day commercial uses of plants. It also considers interrelations between plants and societies in dietary, cultural and religious connotations. Finally, the course considers world food shortages, either present or potential, and possible ways to alleviate these. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

BIOL 3941 (3.00)
Plant Physiology
Prereq: BIOL 2301 and BIOC 2001; or permission of the Department
A lecture and laboratory course designed to present a general introduction to the physiology of plants. Topics that will be discussed include photosynthesis, from the level of light entrapment to that of the fixation of carbon dioxide; translocation of sugars and the storage of energy rich food reserves; transpiration and water loss from leaves, as well as uptake and water transport within the plant; and mineral nutrition including uptake and transport of nutrients as well as their distribution and use. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

BIOL 3991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Biology
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by the Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for BIOL 3991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

BIOL 4101 (3.00)
Behavioural Ecology
Prereq: BIOL 3011, 3401; or permission of the Department
A course to explore the relationships between animal behaviour and ecology, emphasizing the behavioural strategies which animals have evolved to enhance their survival and to increase their reproductive success. Topics such as foraging, living in groups, resource defence, sexual selection, parental care, mating systems, altruism and communication will be discussed within a neo-Darwinian framework using optimality models and game theory. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

BIOL 4111 (3.00)
Field Ecology
Prereq: BIOL 2101, 4711; or permission of the Department
This course introduces students to the basic principles of field ecology research, experimental design, and data analysis, through lectures, laboratories, field trips, course readings, and guest speakers. Course topics focus on various techniques used in quantitative field ecology, including the design of observational studies, environmental impact survey techniques, and manipulative experiments used for the description and classification of habitats, and assessing the ecological factors that influence plant and animal distribution and abundance. Throughout the course we will also read, critique and discuss research papers from the primary ecological literature. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory/Field Trip 3 Hours) [Note 1: BIOL 4711 may be taken as a corequisite.]

BIOL 4141 (3.00)
Mycology
Prereq: BIOL 3101 (or as a co-requisite); or permission of the Department
This course will give an overview of true Fungi (Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Zygomycetes and Chytridiomycetes), and of the fungus-like Oomycetes. Structure/function relationships will be emphasized, as well as the significance of the various groups in ecology, medicine, plant disease and their use in industry. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

BIOL 4151 (3.00)
Virology
Prereq: BIOL 2601, 3101 (with permission, BIOL 3101 may be taken as a co-requisite); or permission of the Department
This is an introductory course on virology that will cover the fundamental features of animal, bacterial, and plant viruses. Lectures will cover the biochemical genetic features of viral structure and replication, techniques used in studying viruses, the evolution of viruses, cell defence against viruses, the history of viruses as the causal agents of animal and plant disease, and current antiviral strategies. The role of viruses as agents of evolutionary change, and their use in modern molecular genetics will also be discussed. (Format: Lecture/Seminar 3 Hours)

BIOL 4201 (3.00)
Environmental Physiology
Prereq: BIOL 3201, 3211; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: BIOL 4201 - Topics in Comparative Animal Physiology
This advanced course in animal physiology will examine the physiological and biochemical strategies animals use to survive in diverse, often stressful environments. Using primary literature from scientific journals, this course will focus on animal responses to environmental conditions such as hypoxia/anoxia, high and low temperatures, overwintering, altitude, environmental pollutants, osmotic stress and UV radiation. Weekly discussion groups on recent topical papers will form a major component of this course. (Format: Lecture/Seminar 3 hours)

BIOL 4211 (3.00)
Endocrinology
Prereq: BIOL 3201 or 3211; or permission of the Department
This is a course that will cover vertebrate hormone systems generally although some aspects of invertebrate systems may be examined. Lectures and seminars will discuss hormone synthesis, control of secretion, modes of secretion and general mechanisms of action. Also, specific hormone systems such as the hypothalamus-pituitary axis, renin-angiotensin system, pituitary-adrenal axis etc., will be examined. (Format: Lecture/Seminar 3 Hours)

BIOL 4221 (3.00)
Exercise Physiology
Prereq: BIOL 3201, 3211; or permission of the Department
This advanced lecture-based course will explore the metabolic and systemic basis of exercise, the physiology of training and performance and exercise under special conditions (environment, disease). In addition to studying these fundamentals of exercise physiology, we will also delve into recent research and advancements in the field. (Format: Lecture/Seminar 3 Hours)

BIOL 4371 (3.00)
Advanced Marine Science
Prereq: One of BIOL 3351, 3361 or 3781; or permission of the Department
This course researches selected topics from the most current and progressive areas of marine science. These may include advances in biological, geological, chemical and physical oceanography and methodologies such as genomic approach to assessment of oceanic biodiversity and application of remote technology in marine exploration of the deep sea. The course emphasizes specific topics of global significance and may include interactions between ocean and atmosphere, sustainable fisheries, integrative aquaculture, and invasive biology. (Format: Lecture 3 hours)

BIOL 4401 (3.00)
Evolutionary Biology of Sex and Reproduction
Prereq: BIOL 3011, 3401; or permission of the Department
This is a seminar/discussion course on the evolution of sexuality and various reproductive patterns. Topics covered will include (but not be limited to): what is sex, sexual and asexual reproduction, asexual reproduction and parthenogenesis, the role of sex in evolution, Muller's Ratchet vs. the Red Queen, genetic and epigenetic sex determination, sexual selection, mating strategies of males and females, role of parasites in the evolution of sex, fertilization strategies and hermaphroditism. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

BIOL 4711 (3.00)
Advanced Design and Statistical Analysis
Prereq: MATH 2311, or PSYC 2011, or BIOL 2701, or GENS 2431; or permission of the Department
This course teaches students how to design studies with clear hypotheses, select appropriate statistical methods, and carry out the analyses, applying the techniques to real data sets. It reviews basic techniques and exposes students to a variety of statistical techniques including advanced ANOVA and regression, techniques for categorical data, resampling methods, MANOVA, and other multivariate techniques. It considers experimental design issues such as power analysis and pseudoreplication. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Tutorial 1 Hour)

BIOL 4903 (3.00)
Current Advances in Biology
Coreq: BIOL 4990
A seminar course for Honours students in Biology which will critically evaluate a wide range of topics from the current literature in all branches of biological science. Students will be expected to deliver seminars on topics outside their thesis area and present preliminary thesis results. (Format: Lecture/Seminar 3 Hours)

BIOL 4950 (6.00)
Independent Study in Biology
This course permits senior students, under the direction of faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study. (Format: Independent Study) [Note 1: Permission of the Department/Program Advisor. Students must obtain consent of an instructor who is willing to be a supervisor and must register for the course prior to the last day for change of registration in the term during which the course is being taken. Note 2: A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. Note 3: Students may register for BIOL 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

BIOL 4951 (3.00)
Independent Study in Biology
This course permits senior students, under the direction of faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study. (Format: Independent Study) [Note 1: Permission of the Department/Program Advisor. Students must obtain consent of an instructor who is willing to be a supervisor and must register for the course prior to the last day for change of registration in the term during which the course is being taken. Note 2: A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. Note 3: Students may register for BIOL 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

BIOL 4990 (6.00)
Thesis
Coreq: BIOL 4903
The thesis requires a report on one or more laboratory, library or field investigations carried out by arrangement with and under the direction of an appropriate member of the staff. This course is open only to candidates for Honours in Biology in their senior year. A minimum grade of B is required in this course for successful completion of an honours degree. (Format: Independent Study/Thesis) [Note 1: Consent of supervising staff member prior to registration and permission of the Program Advisor is Required]

BIOL 4991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Biology
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by the Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for BIOL 4991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

Note:  The listing of a course in the Calendar is not a guarantee that the course is offered every year.

Note:  Students must obtain a grade of at least C- in all courses used to fulfill prerequisite requirements. Otherwise, written permission of the appropriate Department Head or Program Co-ordinator must be obtained.

CANA 1991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Canadian Studies
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by the Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for CANA 1991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

CANA 2001 (3.00)
Canada and the Modern Age: an Introduction to the Canadian Community
This course provides students with an introduction to contemporary Canada, with a particular focus on politics and economics. It examines the nature of the Canadian economy, the nature and organization of the Canadian state, current political issues, and Canada's place in world affairs. (Format: Lecture/Tutorial 3 Hours)

CANA 2011 (3.00)
An Introduction to Canadian Culture
This course provides an introduction to Canadian culture and identity. It examines key Canadian symbols and myths and various forms of cultural expression, including film, the arts, literature, and music in relation to Canadian national identity. (Format: Lecture/Tutorial 3 Hours)

CANA 2991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Canadian Studies
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by the Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for CANA 2991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

CANA 3111 (3.00)
Native Peoples of Canada
Prereq: CANA 2001 and 2011; or permission of the Program Advisor
Exclusion: CANA 3100
This course explores the dynamics of contemporary First Nations culture in Canada from an interdisciplinary perspective. Among the key issues it seeks to explore are: the development of Native arts and culture in modern Canada, contemporary First Nations philosophy and ethics, and the politics of self-government among various First Nations. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

CANA 3121 (3.00)
Multiculturalism, Immigration, and Diversity in Canada
Prereq: CANA 2001 and 2011; or permission of the Program Advisor
This course will explore the historical development of multiculturalism, its policy framework, alternative conceptions of plurality and diversity within Canada, demographic trends, and current controversies surrounding multiculturalism. It will conclude by looking at future developments in ethno-cultural diversity within Canada and where they might take the Canadian nation. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

CANA 3301 (3.00)
Canadian Women: Critical Perspectives
Prereq: CANA 2001 and 2011; or permission of the Program Advisor
Exclusion: CANA 3300
This course provides an interdisciplinary perspective on the role and status of women in contemporary Canada. It focuses on the history of women's political movements, the changing status of women, the impact of the "second wave" of Canadian feminism, Native women, and recent immigrants. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

CANA 3401 (3.00)
Contemporary Canadian Issues
Prereq: Second-year standing, including at least 6 credits in Humanities and/or Social Sciences; or permission of the Program Advisor
Exclusion: CANA 3400
This course explores contemporary Canadian issues in light of the evolution and development of Canadian institutions, belief systems and social relations. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

CANA 3421 (3.00)
Canadian-American Relations
Prereq: CANA 2001 and CANA 2011; or permission of Program Advisor
This course explores the political, economic, cultural, and social interaction between Canada and the United States. It pays special attention to the demise of the Canada-US 'special relationship', the current status of this relationship, and a comparative perspective of the values animating Canada and the United States as political communities. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

CANA 3431 (3.00)
Comparative Canadian Regionalism
Prereq: CANA 2001 and CANA 2011; or permission of Program Advisor
This course explores regionalism as a key dynamic of Canadian political-economic, geographic, and cultural life. The course pays particular attention to regional diversity in Canada and to the changing character of Canadian regionalism. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

CANA 3441 (3.00)
Film in Canada
Prereq: CANA 2001 and CANA 2011; or permission of Program Advisor
This course offers an introduction to film production in Canada in relation to key themes of Canadian Studies such as national identity, regionalism, First Nations, multiculturalism, Canadian-American relations, and globalization. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

CANA 3991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Canadian Studies
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by the Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for CANA 3991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

CANA 4601 (3.00)
Interdisciplinary Seminar in Canadian Studies
Prereq: CANA 2001 and 2011; or permission of the Program Advisor
Exclusion: CANA 4600
This is an interdisciplinary seminar on questions of importance in Canadian Studies. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

CANA 4611 (3.00)
Advanced Studies on Major Canadian Issues
Prereq: CANA 2001 and 2011; or permission of the Program Advisor
Exclusion: CANA 4600
This course provides an in-depth, advanced examination of key Canadian issues. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

CANA 4901 (3.00)
Directed Readings in Canadian Studies
Prereq: Registration in CANA 4990; or permission of the Program Advisor
This course is required of honours students. It promotes bibliographic and information literacy skills and familiarizes students with the larger-scale organization of secondary literature in Canadian Studies. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

CANA 4950 (6.00)
Independent Study in Canadian Studies
This course permits senior students, under the direction of faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study.(Format: Independent Study) [Note 1: Permission of the Department/Program Advisor. Students must obtain consent of an instructor who is willing to be a supervisor and must register for the course prior to the last day for change of registration in the term during which the course is being taken. Note 2: A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. Note 3: Students may register for CANA 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

CANA 4951 (3.00)
Independent Study in Canadian Studies
This course permits senior students, under the direction of faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study.(Format: Independent Study) [Note 1: Permission of the Department/Program Advisor. Students must obtain consent of an instructor who is willing to be a supervisor and must register for the course prior to the last day for change of registration in the term during which the course is being taken. Note 2: A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. Note 3: Students may register for CANA 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

CANA 4990 (6.00)
Honours Thesis
Supervised by the Advisor and with one or more members of the faculty associated with the Program. The subject must be approved by the Advisor. The candidate will receive instruction in the techniques of research methods and thesis writing. (Format: Thesis) [Note 1: Permission of the Program Advisor]

CANA 4991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Canadian Studies
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by the Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for CANA 4991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

Note:  The listing of a course in the Calendar is not a guarantee that the course is offered every year.

Note:  Students must obtain a grade of at least C- in all courses used to fulfill prerequisite requirements. Otherwise, written permission of the appropriate Department Head or Program Co-ordinator must be obtained.

CHEM 1001 (3.00)
Introductory Chemistry I
Fundamental concepts of introductory chemistry will be covered and expanded upon, including stiochiometry and redox processes. The Atomic theory will be introduced by discussion about the periodic table. Chemical bonding will be developed leading to the three-dimensional nature of matter for both organic and inorganic materials. Finally, an introduction to intermolecular forces and thermodynamic phase diagrams and related properties will be covered. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours, Regular Tutorials.)

CHEM 1021 (3.00)
INTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY II
Prereq: CHEM 1001; or permission of the Department
The quantitative nature of chemistry will be developed through discussions involving thermodynamics, kinetics and equilibrium processes. Qualitative concepts introduced in Introductory Chemistry I (CHEM 1001) will be expanded to include this quantitative nature of matter. As well, a brief discussion of redox properties and electrochemistry will be introduced. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours, Regular Tutorials.)

CHEM 1501 (3.00)
Chemistry in Modern Society
Chemistry topics that have bearing on modern living and the environment will be discussed. Fundamental notions of modern chemistry will be developed and links with other disciplines identified. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours.)

CHEM 1991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Chemistry
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by the Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for CHEM 1991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

CHEM 2111 (3.00)
Organic Chemistry I
Prereq: CHEM 1021; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: CHEM 2101, 2131, 2141
Structural basics including aromaticity, resonance, and stereochemistry will be emphasized and developed. An appreciation of the link between structure, mechanism and reactivity will be explored. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours.)

CHEM 2121 (3.00)
Organic Chemistry II
Prereq: CHEM 2111; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: CHEM 2101, 2131, 2151
Functional group chemistry will be used to develop more sophisticated mechanistic skills. Problems in organic synthesis will be studied within a mechanistic context. An introduction to the interpretation of first order proton nmr spectra will be included. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

CHEM 2211 (3.00)
Physical Chemistry I: Thermodynamics
Prereq: CHEM 1021, MATH 1121 or MATH 1131; or permission of the Department
An introduction to the laws of thermodynamics and their application to ideal systems, mixtures and chemical reactions, will be provided. Thermochemistry, chemical and phase equilibria and electrochemistry will be discussed. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours, Regular Tutorials)

CHEM 2311 (3.00)
Inorganic Chemistry I: Co-ordination Chemistry
Prereq: CHEM 1021; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: CHEM 3311
Lewis acid-base chemistry and applications to transition metals will be discussed. Concepts covered will include structure and bonding, ligand field theory, magnetism and electronics. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

CHEM 2411 (3.00)
Analytical Chemistry I
Prereq: CHEM 1021, MATH 1111; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: CHEM 3411
This course covers the following topics with an emphasis on problem solving: the treatment of errors and statistics of measurements; aqueous solutions, complex equilibria (including acid/base and buffer systems); electrochemistry theory; redox, electrode potentials (ion selective electrodes), and electrogravimetry. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

CHEM 2511 (3.00)
Environmental Chemistry I: Introduction To the Chemistry of the Environment
Prereq: CHEM 1021, MATH 1111; or permission of the Department
This course introduces environmental chemistry to students in a life sciences program. The subject matter primarily deals with the chemistry of the atmosphere and hydrosphere at an introductory level, with an emphasis on problem solving skills. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Tutorial 1 Hour) [Note 1: CHEM 2511 credit will not fulfill any Chemistry requirements for a Minor, Major or Honours degree in Chemistry.]

CHEM 2991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Chemistry
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by the Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for CHEM 2991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

CHEM 3111 (3.00)
Organic Chemistry III
Prereq: CHEM 2121; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: CHEM 3141
The common spectroscopic techniques will be introduced in the context of structure elucidation. An introduction to Frontier MO theory, will be described. The application of synthetic reactions to total synthesis will be presented. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

CHEM 3121 (3.00)
Organic Chemistry IV
Prereq: CHEM 3111; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: CHEM 3151
Earlier coverage of spectroscopic techniques will be extended so that more interesting structural deductions can be made. Mechanistic and synthetic discussions will be integrated into the lecture material. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

CHEM 3131 (3.00)
Organic Chemistry: Bioorganic
Prereq: CHEM 2121; or permission of the Department
This course presents the principles of organic chemistry as they apply to biochemical problems. Topics covered include enzymic reaction mechanisms, enzyme cofactors, peptide and nucleic acid synthesis, and enzymes in organic synthesis. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed with BIOC 3131 and may therefore count as three credits in either discipline. Chemistry students should register for CHEM 3131.]

CHEM 3231 (3.00)
Physical Chemistry II: Kinetics
Prereq: CHEM 1021, MATH 1121; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: CHEM 3221
This course examines physical and chemical applications of kinetics, including a variety of topics related to reaction mechanisms and dynamics. Specific topics include the prediction of kinetic behaviour of different mechanisms, the deduction of mechanisms, the interpretation of activation parameters from experimental data, and the effects of varying solvents and catalysts. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours, Tutorials)

CHEM 3241 (3.00)
Physical Chemistry III: Quantum Chemistry
Prereq: CHEM1021, PHYS 1551, MATH 2111; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: CHEM 3211
This course is an introduction to the application of quantum mechanics to chemistry. It discusses and applies the postulates of quantum mechanics to simple physical systems (such as particle in a box, harmonic oscillator and rigid rotor), with an emphasis on using quantum mechanics to understand the electronic structure of atoms and molecules. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

CHEM 3251 (3.00)
Physical Chemistry IV: Spectroscopy
Prereq: CHEM 3241; or PHYS 3821 (can also be taken as co-requisite); or permission of the Department
Application of quantum chemistry in spectroscopy will be discussed. A survey of the principles of electronic, vibrational, rotational and magnetic resonance spectroscopy will be presented. State of the art spectroscopic techniques and applications will also be addressed. Experiments and computational projects will be carried out so that students will gain a practical knowledge in design and application of spectroscopic measurements as well as interpretation of experimental data. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

CHEM 3321 (3.00)
Inorganic Chemistry II: Main Group Elements
Prereq: CHEM 1021; or permission of the Department
The structure and bonding in main group compounds will be examined. Ionic and covalent bonding will be discussed with respect to Lewis, valence shell electron pair repulsion, valence bond and molecular orbital theories. Periodic trends and a survey of the properties and reactions of the elements of groups 1, 2 and 13 - 18 will also be examined. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

CHEM 3331 (3.00)
Inorganic Chemistry III: Organometallics
Prereq: CHEM 2311; or permission of the Department
The structure, bonding and reactivity of organotransition metal complexes will be examined. Concepts covered will include the 18-electron rule, the isolobal analogy, catalysis, and the role metals play in organic synthesis. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

CHEM 3361 (3.00)
Inorganic Chemistry IV: Structure and Bonding in Main Group Chemistry
Prereq: CHEM 3321; or permission of the Department
Topics in fundamental main group chemistry will be presented. Discussion will focus on synthetic approaches, spectroscopic analysis and structural aspects. An overview of the industrial application of main group chemistry will also be presented. Techniques required for the manipulation of air-sensitive materials will be considered. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

CHEM 3421 (3.00)
Analytical Chemistry II: Instrumental Methods of Analysis
Prereq: PHYS 1551 or 3521, and CHEM 2411 or 3411; or permission of the Department
This course introduces the theoretical basis, scope and limitations of various instrumental methods of analysis, in the areas of Spectroscopy and Chromatography. Methods include GC/MS and HPLC for organic compounds, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) for metals and UV/VIS for both organic and inorganic compounds. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

CHEM 3991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Chemistry
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by the Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for CHEM 3991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

CHEM 4131 (3.00)
Organic Chemistry: Synthetic Chemistry
Prereq: CHEM 3121; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: CHEM 4101
The synthesis of complex organic molecules will be discussed. Topics covered will include conformational analysis, stereoselectivity, transition metal mediated reactions, radical reactions, mechanism and synthetic strategy. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

CHEM 4141 (3.00)
Organic Chemistry: Physical Aspects
Prereq: CHEM 3111, 3241, 3231; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: CHEM 4111
The principles of bonding, structure and mechanisms in organic chemistry will be examined. Topics covered will include models of bonding, acid/base catalysis, linear free-energy relationships, dynamic NMR, concerted reactions and orbital symmetry, transition-state theory and intramolecular dynamics, thermodynamics and molecular motors. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

CHEM 4211 (3.00)
Physical Chemistry: Statistical Thermodynamics
Prereq: CHEM 3241; or PHYS 3701 and PHYS 3821; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: CHEM 4201
This course will address the connection between the microscopic and macroscopic world by providing an introduction to the probabilistic nature of physical chemistry. Partition functions will be calculated from the various contributions to the total energy for simplified models of actual systems. Thermodynamic quantities will then be derived in terms of partition functions. Applications relevant to the interests of students will be discussed with an emphasis on recent literature. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Major Term Project)

CHEM 4241 (3.00)
Physical Chemistry: Computational
Prereq: CHEM 3241 or PHYS 3821; or permission of the Department
This course focuses on a basic knowledge of the methods currently used in computational chemistry. It addresses approximations involved in the application of quantum mechanics to chemical systems, and how these approximations can be systematically improved, and considers practical aspects of computational chemistry programs. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1.5 Hours)

CHEM 4261 (3.00)
Physical Chemistry: Modern Topics
Prereq: CHEM 3231; or permission of the Department
Current topics in physical chemistry will be discussed. Topics include solid-state chemistry, polymer chemistry, colloids and liquid crystals. Experimental techniques currently employed in physical chemistry research will also be addressed. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Major Term Project)

CHEM 4341 (3.00)
Inorganic Chemistry: Physical Aspects
Prereq: CHEM 3321; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: CHEM 4311
A significant component will involve applications of group theory in inorganic chemistry for molecular bonding, reaction mechanisms, and IR and Raman spectroscopic transformations for small molecules and ions. Interpretation of multinuclear NMR, EPR, IR and Raman spectra will be explored, while the fundamental aspects of X-ray crystallography will also be discussed. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

CHEM 4351 (3.00)
Inorganic Chemistry: Bioinorganic
Prereq: CHEM 3321; or permission of the Chemistry Department
This course examines the roles metals play in biochemical systems, and includes an overview of bioinorganic chemistry and a discussion of metals in medicine. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed with BIOC 4351 and may therefore count as three credits in either discipline. Honours Chemistry students should register for CHEM 4351.]

CHEM 4431 (3.00)
Analytical Chemistry: Modern Topics in Chromatography
Prereq: CHEM 3421; or permission of the Department
The theory and current practical application of the techniques of GC/MS, LC/MS, and capillary electrophoresis (CE) and CE/MS will be surveyed. (Format: Lecture/Seminar 3 Hours, Practical Exercises and Major Project)

CHEM 4521 (3.00)
Environmental Chemistry
Prereq: CHEM 2111 or 2101, 2411 or 3411; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: CHEM 3011
This course investigates the chemical aspects of the environment and draws upon physical, organic, inorganic and analytical chemistry background. It explores the natural chemical compositions and anthropogenic effects on the air, water and soil. Some of the specific topics include ozone chemistry, smog, acid rain, global climate, DOM, metals, colloids, pE/pH, soil chemistry and wastes. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Weekly Tutorials 1.5 Hours)

CHEM 4903 (3.00)
Current Advances in Chemistry
Coreq: CHEM 4990
This is a course for Honours students in Chemistry which critically evaluates a wide range of topics from the current literature in all branches of Chemistry. Students are expected to deliver seminars on topics outside of their thesis area and to present preliminary thesis results. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

CHEM 4950 (6.00)
Independent Study in Chemistry
This course permits senior students, under the direction of faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study. (Format: Independent Study) [Note 1: Permission of the Department/Program Advisor. Students must obtain consent of an instructor who is willing to be a supervisor and must register for the course prior to the last day for change of registration in the term during which the course is being taken. Note 2: A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. Note 3: Students may register for CHEM 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

CHEM 4951 (3.00)
Independent Study in Chemistry
This course permits senior students, under the direction of faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study. (Format: Independent Study) [Note 1: Permission of the Department/Program Advisor. Students must obtain consent of an instructor who is willing to be a supervisor and must register for the course prior to the last day for change of registration in the term during which the course is being taken. Note 2: A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. Note 3: Students may register for CHEM 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

CHEM 4953 (3.00)
Independent Study in Chemistry

CHEM 4990 (6.00)
Honours Thesis
This will involve an extensive experimental or theoretical study culminating in the writing of a thesis. The research will be conducted under the supervision of a faculty member and will usually be carried out during the summer and the following year. (Format: Independent Study/Thesis) [Note 1: Permission of the Department is required.]

CHEM 4991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Chemistry
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by the Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for CHEM 4991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

Note:  The listing of a course in the Calendar is not a guarantee that the course is offered every year.

Note:  Students must obtain a grade of at least C- in all courses used to fulfill prerequisite requirements. Otherwise, written permission of the appropriate Department Head or Program Co-ordinator must be obtained.

CLAS 1631 (3.00)
Greece and Rome: the Foundations of Western Civilization
The political and social history of ancient Greece and Rome will be surveyed with a focus on the themes of Law, Politics, War, and Society. Special attention will be paid to Athens in the fifth and fourth centuries B.C.E. and to Rome under Caesar Augustus. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed with HIST 1631 and may therefore count as 3 credits in either discipline.]

CLAS 1641 (3.00)
Classical Mythology: the Hero's Quest
An introduction to the heroes and heroines of classical myth through the literature and art of ancient Greece and Rome. The course will examine the major cycles of Greek heroic saga, including stories about the Trojan War, the Wanderings of Odysseus, the exploits of Hercules, and the Voyage of Jason and the Argonauts, as well as the adventures of Aeneas and the foundation myths of Rome. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

CLAS 1651 (3.00)
Classical Mythology: Gods, Goddesses, And the Creation of Order
An introduction to the gods and goddesses of classical myth in the literature, art, and religion of ancient Greece and Rome. The course will examine cosmogonies and divine myths in order to shed light on the views held by the Greeks and Romans about the nature of the relationship between mortal and immortal. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

CLAS 1991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Classics
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by the Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for CLAS 1991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

CLAS 2021 (3.00)
Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic World
Exclusion: CLAS/HIST 3011
An examination of the career of Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic era that followed his conquest of the eastern Mediterranean. Among the main themes included will be the goals of Alexander, the new political climate of kingship and patronage that he helped create, the interaction of the Greeks with the civilizations of Egypt and the East, and the integration of new cultural ideas into Greek society. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed with HIST 2021 and may therefore count as 3 credits in either discipline.]

CLAS 2051 (3.00)
Women in Antiquity
Using written and material evidence, this course will explore the economic, social and political roles of women in the societies of ancient Greece and Rome, as well as the development of the Western idea of the female in antiquity. Secondarily, it will introduce and explore the social theories commonly applied to the study of gender in history. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed with HIST 2051 and may therefore count as 3 credits in either discipline.]

CLAS 2501 (3.00)
Introduction to Archaeology
An introduction to the methods of archaeological excavation. This course aims to acquaint the student with the theory and basic techniques of archaeology. Examples showing both past and present archaeological research done in the Old and New Worlds will be used to illustrate the topics under discussion. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

CLAS 2521 (3.00)
The Archaeology of Daily Life in the Greek and Roman World
An examination of the evidence used by archaeologists to recreate the social history of ancient Greece and Rome. The course will consider how archaeology can shed light on such topics as the lives of men, women, and children; the home; government; the economy; the army; and entertainment. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

CLAS 2531 (3.00)
The Archaeology of Religion in the Greek and Roman World
An examination of the evidence used by archaeologists to recreate the religions of the ancient Greeks and Romans. The course will consider how archaeology reveals ancient views and practices involved in the worship of the Olympian Gods; the religions of Egypt and the Near East; Royal and Emperor cults; Mithraism and mystery cults; Judaism; and early Christianity. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

CLAS 2991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Classics
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by the Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for CLAS 2991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

CLAS 3001 (3.00)
Democracy and Imperialism in Classical Greece
Prereq: Second-year standing and three credits from any Classics or History course at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
An examination of archaic and classical Greek history and civilization from the emergence of the polis to the fall of the Athenian empire. Main themes include the development of political institutions, warfare, and gender relations. Emphasis is placed on historical methods and the interpretation of ancient evidence. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed with HIST 3001 and may therefore count as 3 credits in either discipline.]

CLAS 3021 (3.00)
Conquest and Expansion: the Rise and Fall of the Roman Republic
Prereq: Second-year standing and three credits from any Classics or History course at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
An examination of the development of Rome from a small city-state into the leading power in the Mediterranean. Main themes include the conflict between Rome and Carthage, the conquest of the Hellenistic East, and the political and social changes in Roman society. There will be an emphasis on the analysis and interpretation of primary sources in translation. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed with HIST 3021 and may therefore count as 3 credits in either discipline.]

CLAS 3031 (3.00)
The Roman Empire: Centre and Periphery
Prereq: Second-year standing and three credits from any Classics or History course at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
An examination of the history of imperial Rome from the age of Augustus to that of Constantine. Main themes include the imperial form of government, the Roman army, urban development and its impact on society, and the conflicts between Romans and other cultures. There will be an emphasis on the analysis and interpretation of primary sources in translation. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed with HIST 3031 and may therefore count as 3 credits in either discipline.]

CLAS 3051 (3.00)
Health and Medicine in the Ancient World
Prereq: Second-year standing and three credits from any Classics, History, or Philosophy course; or permission of the Department
Employing both material and literary evidence, this course surveys the conditions of life and common ailments and treatments of the inhabitants of the Greek and Roman world from ca. 1000 B.C.E. to ca. 500 C.E.. It also examines the origins of Western medicine in Greek and Roman science, alongside its alternatives, such as magic. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed with HIST 3051 and may therefore count as 3 credits in either discipline.]

CLAS 3201 (3.00)
Greek Tragedy
Prereq: Second-year standing and three credits from any Classics or History course at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
A study of Greek tragic drama as it developed in Athens of the fifth century B.C.E. The course will examine (in translation) the main surviving plays of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

CLAS 3211 (3.00)
Greek and Roman Comedy
Prereq: Second-year standing and three credits from any Classics or History course at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
A study of Greek and Roman comic drama (in translation) as represented by the work of Aristophanes, Menander, Plautus, and Terence. (Format: Lecture 2 Hours)

CLAS 3401 (3.00)
The Lyric Poetry of Greece and Rome
Prereq: Second-year standing and three credits from any Classics or History course at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
A study of Greek and Roman poetry that expresses universal feelings of love and fear, celebration and personal aspiration. The course will examine the themes and forms of lyric poetry, as well as the role of the poet in society. The poems of Sappho, Archilochus, Pindar, Catullus, Propertius, Ovid, and others will be read in English translation. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

CLAS 3411 (3.00)
The Epic Poetry of Greece and Rome
Prereq: Second-year standing and three credits from any Classics course at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
An examination of the epic genre as it developed in ancient Greece and Rome. The focus of the course will be on Homer's Iliad and Odyssey and Virgil's Aeneid, with attention given to other representative works. The poems will be studied (in translation) both as products of their respective societies and in light of their influence on later European literature. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

CLAS 3501 (3.00)
Archaeological Field Course
Exclusion: ANTH 3321 or 3911 if these were taken as archaeological field schools in which credit was received for excavation of material remains.
This course involves participation in an archaeological field project, through which students gain experience in archaeological methods such as site survey, supervised excavation, recording and interpretation of evidence, and the processing of finds. The field location varies according to the project. (Format: Field Course) [Note 1: Permission of the Department is Required. Note 2: This course is only available to students through the Department of Continuous Learning during the Spring/Summer term. Enrollment is limited and students should be aware of the additional costs of travel and participation fees.]

CLAS 3511 (3.00)
Laboratory Methods in Classical Archaeology
Coreq: CLAS 3501
Exclusion: ANTH 3321 and 3911 if these were taken as archaeological field schools in which credit was received for laboratory analysis of material remains.
This course introduces students to the laboratory methods used by Classical archaeologists in the study of materials recovered from Greek and Roman sites. The field location and nature of the remains studied vary according to the project. (Format: Field Course) [Note 1: Permission of the Department is Required. Note 2: This course is only available to students through the Department of Continuous Learning during the Spring/Summer term. Enrollment is limited and students should be aware of the additional costs of travel and participation fees.]

CLAS 3601 (3.00)
The Birth of Greek Art
Prereq: Second-year standing and three credits from any Classics course at the 1000 or 2000 level or FINA 2001 or 2011; or permission of the Department
A study of the art and archaeology of the Greek world from the Bronze Age to the end of the Persian invasion. This period saw the rise and fall of two Bronze Age civilizations, and the emergence of Athens as the cultural and political leader of the Mediterranean world. The architecture, painting, sculpture, and minor arts will be studied with attention to their historical and cultural contexts. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course may count as 3 credits in Art History.]

CLAS 3611 (3.00)
The Splendors of Classical and Hellenistic Greek Art
Prereq: Second-year standing and three credits from any Classics course at the 1000 or 2000 level or FINA 2001 or 2011; or permission of the Department
A study of the art and archaeology of the Greek world from the Persian invasion to the coming of the Romans. This period saw the achievements of Athenian democracy, the subsequent dissolution of Athenian power, the domination of the Macedonians under Alexander, and the spread of Greek culture throughout the Mediterranean and beyond. The architecture, painting, sculpture, and minor arts will be studied with attention to their historical and cultural contexts. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course may count as 3 credits in Art History.]

CLAS 3701 (3.00)
Etruscan and Early Roman Art and Archaeology
Prereq: Second-year standing and three credits from any Classics course at the 1000 or 2000 level or FINA 2001 or 2011; or permission of the Department
A study of the art and archaeology of peninsular Italy from the Iron Age to the period of the Julio-Claudian emperors. It will examine Etruscan culture and its interaction with the Greeks and Romans, the rise of Rome, and the transitions from republic to empire. The material culture of Italy will be explored through the architecture, sculpture, painting, and minor arts. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course may count as 3 credits in Art History.]

CLAS 3711 (3.00)
The Art of Imperial Rome and Its Empire
Prereq: Second-year standing and three credits from any Classics course at the 1000 or 2000 level or FINA 2001 or 2011; or permission of the Department
A study of the art and archaeology of the Roman world from the reign of the emperor Nero to the time of Constantine. It will examine the development of art and architecture in Rome, the connections between this development and imperial policy, and the use and adaptation in other parts of the Roman world of ideas which originated in Rome. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course may count as 3 credits in Art History.]

CLAS 3991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Classics
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by the Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for CLAS 3991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

CLAS 4950 (6.00)
Independent Study in Classics
This course permits senior students, under the direction of faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study. (Format: Independent Study) [Note 1: Permission of the Department/Program Advisor. Students must obtain consent of an instructor who is willing to be a supervisor and must register for the course prior to the last day for change of registration in the term during which the course is being taken. Note 2: A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. Note 3: Students may register for CLAS 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

CLAS 4951 (3.00)
Independent Study in Classics
This course permits senior students, under the direction of faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study. (Format: Independent Study) [Note 1: Permission of the Department/Program Advisor. Students must obtain consent of an instructor who is willing to be a supervisor and must register for the course prior to the last day for change of registration in the term during which the course is being taken. Note 2: A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. Note 3: Students may register for CLAS 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

CLAS 4991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Classics
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by the Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for CLAS 4991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

GREK 1001 (3.00)
Introductory Ancient Greek I
Exclusion: GREK 1000
An introduction to the grammar and vocabulary of ancient Greek for students with no previous knowledge of the language. Through grammatical exercises, composition, and the reading of prescribed texts, the student will develop a basic understanding of the language of classical Athens. Three class periods per week, plus a fourth hour to be arranged after classes have begun. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Tutorial 1 Hour)

GREK 1101 (3.00)
Introductory Ancient Greek II
Prereq: GREK 1001; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: GREK 1000
A continuation of the study of the ancient Greek language. This course adds new grammar and continues to build vocabulary, while concentrating on the development of a reading facility in ancient Greek. Three class periods per week, plus a fourth hour to be arranged after classes have begun. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Tutorial 1 Hour)

GREK 1991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Greek
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by the Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for GREK 1991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

GREK 2001 (3.00)
Intermediate Greek
Prereq: GREK 1000 or GREK 1101; or permission of the Department
This course introduces students to the reading of unadapted passages from ancient authors. While the emphasis is on developing a fluency in reading Greek, it also reviews basic Greek grammar and presents some more advanced grammar and syntax. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

GREK 2101 (3.00)
Introductory Readings in Greek Literature
Prereq: GREK 2001; or permission of the Department
A reading of selected works by Greek authors. This course will acquaint the student with some of the forms of ancient prose and poetry. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

GREK 2991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Greek
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by the Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for GREK 2991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

GREK 3001 (3.00)
Readings in Greek Prose
Prereq: GREK 2101; or permission of the Department
The translation and study of the work of one or more Greek prose authors. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

GREK 3101 (3.00)
Readings in Greek Poetry
Prereq: GREK 2101; or permission of the Department
The translation and study of the work of one or more Greek poets. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

GREK 3991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Greek
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by the Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for GREK 3991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

GREK 4001 (3.00)
Directed Readings in Greek
This course is a detailed study of one or more Greek authors. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: Permission of the Department Required. Note 2: GREK 4001 may be taken for credit more than once if the topic differs.]

GREK 4950 (6.00)
Independent Study in Greek
This course permits senior students, under the direction of faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study. (Format: Independent Study) [Note 1: Permission of the Department/Program Advisor. Students must obtain consent of an instructor who is willing to be a supervisor and must register for the course prior to the last day for change of registration in the term during which the course is being taken. Note 2: A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. Note 3: Students may register for GREK 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

GREK 4951 (3.00)
Independent Study in Greek
This course permits senior students, under the direction of faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study. (Format: Independent Study) [Note 1: Permission of the Department/Program Advisor. Students must obtain consent of an instructor who is willing to be a supervisor and must register for the course prior to the last day for change of registration in the term during which the course is being taken. Note 2: A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. Note 3: Students may register for GREK 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

GREK 4991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Greek
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by the Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for GREK 4991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

LATI 1001 (3.00)
Introductory Latin I
Exclusion: LATI 1000
An introduction to basic Latin grammar and vocabulary for students with no previous knowledge of the language. This course is based on readings which present not only the fundamentals of Latin but also the Roman world in which it was used. Some effort is made to show the connections between Latin and modern languages (English, French, Spanish).Three class periods per week, plus a fourth hour to be arranged after classes have begun. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Tutorial 1 Hour)

LATI 1101 (3.00)
Introductory Latin II
Prereq: LATI 1001; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: LATI 1000
A continuation of the study of the Latin language. While adding new grammar, this course concentrates on reading comprehension and vocabulary building. Three class periods per week, plus a fourth hour to be arranged after classes have begun. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Tutorial 1 Hour)

LATI 1991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Latin
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisites set by the Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for LATI 1991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

LATI 2001 (3.00)
Intermediate Latin
Prereq: LATI 1101; or permission of the Department
This course introduces students to the reading of unadapted passages from ancient authors. While the emphasis is on developing a fluency in reading Latin, it also reviews basic Latin grammar and presents some more advanced grammar and syntax. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

LATI 2101 (3.00)
Introductory Readings in Latin Literature
Prereq: LATI 2001; or permission of the Department
A reading of selected works by Latin authors. This course will acquaint the student with some of the forms of ancient prose and poetry. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

LATI 2991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Latin
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisites set by the Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for LATI 2991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

LATI 3001 (3.00)
Readings in Latin Prose
Prereq: LATI 2101; or permission of the Department
The translation and study of the work of one or more Latin prose authors. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

LATI 3101 (3.00)
Readings in Latin Poetry
Prereq: LATI 2101; or permission of the Department
The translation and study of the work of one or more Latin poets. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

LATI 3991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Latin
Prereq: Second year standing and 6 credits from History; or permission of the Department
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisites set by the Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for LATI 3991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

LATI 4001 (3.00)
Directed Readings in Latin
This course is a detailed study of one or more Latin authors. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: Permission of the Department is Required. Note 2: LATI 4001 may be taken for credit more than once if the topic differs.]

LATI 4950 (6.00)
Independent Study in Latin
This course permits senior students, under the direction of faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study. (Format: Independent Study) [Note 1: Permission of the Department/Program Advisor. Students must obtain consent of an instructor who is willing to be a supervisor and must register for the course prior to the last day for change of registration in the term during which the course is being taken. Note 2: A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. Note 3: Students may register for LATI 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

LATI 4951 (3.00)
Independent Study in Latin
This course permits senior students, under the direction of faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study. (Format: Independent Study) [Note 1: Permission of the Department/Program Advisor. Students must obtain consent of an instructor who is willing to be a supervisor and must register for the course prior to the last day for change of registration in the term during which the course is being taken. Note 2: A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. Note 3: Students may register for LATI 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

LATI 4991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Latin
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisites set by the Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for LATI 4991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

Note:  The listing of a course in the Calendar is not a guarantee that the course is offered every year.

Note:  Students must obtain a grade of at least C- in all courses used to fulfill prerequisite requirements. Otherwise, written permission of the appropriate Department Head or Program Co-ordinator must be obtained.

COMM 1011 (3.00)
Applications in Business Studies
This course introduces the study of organizations and management theory. It explores the interdisciplinary nature of business studies and examines the history of organizational studies. It also studies the interdependence between business and society, and exposes students to different types of organizations and their leaders. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Tutorial 1 Hour)

COMM 1991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Commerce
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for COMM 1991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

COMM 2101 (3.00)
Introductory Financial Accounting I
Prereq: 9 credits from any combination of the following 12 credits: MATH 1111, ECON 1001, ECON 1011, 3 credits in Computer Science; or permission of the Department.
Exclusion: COMM 1111
This course introduces the accounting model and analysis of Financial Statements and the important concepts associated with them. (Format: Lecture/Problem Based Learning 3 Hours)

COMM 2121 (3.00)
Introductory Financial Accounting II
Prereq: COMM 2101; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: COMM 1121
This course examines in greater detail the principles, practices and techniques of financial accounting first introduced in Commerce 2101. (Format: Lecture/Problem Based Learning 3 Hours)

COMM 2131 (3.00)
Management Accounting
Prereq: COMM 2101; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: COMM 2111
An introduction to the principles and practices of management accounting, with a concentration on the decision making process. Topics include the use of accounting data in short-run and long-run decision making; managerial planning, control, and internal performance evaluation; and an introduction to variance analysis. (Format: Lecture/Problem Based Learning/Projects 3 Hours)

COMM 2201 (3.00)
Fundamentals of Marketing
Prereq: 9 credits from any combination of the following 12 credits: MATH 1111, ECON 1001, ECON 1011, 3 credits in Computer Science; or permission of the Department
A consumer orientation is essential for effective marketing decision making. In this course, the meaning of products and services to the consumer is stressed. Students have the opportunity to develop fundamental skills in analysis, report writing, and presentations. (Format: Lecture/Case Study 3 Hours)

COMM 2211 (3.00)
Marketing Management
Prereq: COMM 2201; or permission of the Department
The development and implementation of marketing strategy is the primary concern of marketing management. This course covers the key elements of a marketing strategy: competitive positioning, product/service strategy, pricing strategy, distribution strategy and marketing communications strategy. Students are provided with opportunities to develop analytical, decision-making and communication skills. (Format: Case Discussion/Lecture/Projects 3 Hours)

COMM 2301 (3.00)
Organizational Behaviour I
Prereq: 9 credits from any combination of the following 12 credits: MATH 1111, ECON 1001, ECON 1011, 3 credits in Computer Science; or permission of the Department
This course focuses on the micro aspects of organizational behaviour. It emphasizes human needs, motivation, perception, individual differences, personality, job design, work attitudes, performance appraisal, and stress management. The objective is to ensure that potential managers interact more effectively with subordinates, peers and superiors in the organizational setting. Teaching methodology includes lectures, discussions, and case analysis. (Format: Case Discussion/Lecture 3 Hours)

COMM 2311 (3.00)
Organizational Behaviour II
Prereq: COMM 2301; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: COMM 3331
This course focuses on the macro aspects of organizational behaviour. Topics include group processes in the organization and their relationship to effectiveness, intergroup conflict, cooperation, leadership, communication, team dynamics, and organizational change. (Format: Case Discussion/Lecture 3 Hours)

COMM 2991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Commerce
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for COMM 2991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

COMM 3111 (3.00)
Intermediate Accounting I
Prereq: COMM 2121; or permission of the Department
This course expands basic accounting concepts learned in Commerce 2101 and 2121. It develops the general accounting theory of assets, liabilities, income, equity, and funds flow. Particular emphasis will be placed on the conceptual framework of accounting, revenue and expense recognition, asset and liability recognition, and measurement and disclosure. (Format: Case Discussion/Lecture/Problem Based Learning 3 Hours.)

COMM 3121 (3.00)
Intermediate Accounting II
Prereq: COMM 3111; or permission of the Department
The following topics are discussed: shareholders' equity, dilutive securities, investments, and a series of special topics, including: corporate income taxes, pension costs, leases, and accounting changes and error analysis. (Format: Case Discussion/Lecture/Problem Based Learning 3 Hours)

COMM 3131 (3.00)
Cost Accounting
Prereq: COMM 2131; or permission of the Department
A study of the principles, procedures and techniques of analysis used in cost accounting. This course will cover operating budgets, product costing, predetermined costs, planning and control, relevant costs, and variance analysis. (Format: Lecture/Problem Based Learning 3 Hours)

COMM 3151 (3.00)
Taxation
Prereq: COMM 2131; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: COMM 4111
The course will explore the basic principles of taxation in Canada, with emphasis on Canadian Income Tax. It stresses the effects of taxation on business decisions by individuals and corporations. (Format: Lecture/Problem Based Learning 3 Hours)

COMM 3161 (3.00)
Introduction to Auditing
Prereq: COMM 2121; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: COMM 4151
This course introduces the role of auditing in society and the ethics and standards of professional conduct expected of auditors. It develops a conceptual understanding of key decisions made by auditors when examining and reporting on financial statements. It develops an appreciation of the complex environment in comprehensive or value-for-money audit on corporations and public institutions. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

COMM 3211 (3.00)
Consumer Behaviour
Prereq: COMM 2211; or permission of the Department
The course examines social, psychological, situational, and economic influences on the consumer decision-making process of individuals and families. It emphasizes new product adoption, marketing communications, and consumer research applications. (Format: Lecture/Application 3 Hours)

COMM 3231 (3.00)
Marketing Channels of Distribution
Prereq: COMM 2211; or permission of the Department
Marketing strategy is implemented within the context of channels of distribution. This course studies distribution issues faced by manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers, and specialized institutions. It emphasizes inventory issues, product assortment decisions, channel negotiations, and channel change. (Format: Case Discussion/Lecture/Projects 3 Hours)

COMM 3251 (3.00)
International Marketing
Prereq: COMM 2211; or permission of the Department
Markets are becoming increasingly global. This course explores the managerial aspects of exporting and importing companies, multi-national firms, and small to large businesses serving global markets. (Format: Lecture/Case Study 3 Hours)

COMM 3261 (3.00)
Integrated Marketing Communications
Prereq: COMM 2211; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: COMM 4251
This course provides a broad exposure to the promotional mix concentrating on integrated marketing communications and its key elements: advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, public relations, direct marketing, and other forms of communications. Canadian advertising institutions, government legislation and industry regulations are considered in relation to social and economic concepts. Emphasis is placed on understanding the marketing communications process and its place in an organization's planning process. (Format: Lecture/Experiential Learning Projects 3 Hours)

COMM 3271 (3.00)
Arts and Culture Marketing
Prereq: Normally COMM 2211. However, BFA or BMUS students already doing 3/4000 level work in their own field will be admitted; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: COMM 4241 (Winter 2005, Fall 2006)
This course examines the appropriate application of marketing management concepts and frameworks to arts and culture. Students gain familiarity with research issues and experience in identifying and resolving marketing problems in the arts and culture sector. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

COMM 3321 (3.00)
Human Resource Management
Prereq: COMM 2301; or permission of the Department
This course examines human resource management functions in formal organizations, both public and private. Topics covered include human resource planning, recruitment, selection, performance appraisal and employment equity; training and development; compensation systems and the management of employee benefits; and the role of the human resource manager. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

COMM 3341 (3.00)
Organizational Theory
Prereq: COMM 2311; or permission of the Department
This course examines current theory and research on the design of effective organizations. It focuses on interrelationships among an organization's formal and informal structures, culture, technology, and competitive environment and the different types of organizations resulting from different configurations of these elements. Topics may include power and politics in and about the organization, goal setting, organizational effectiveness and efficiency, and organizational renewal. (Format: Case Discussion/Lecture 3 Hours)

COMM 3351 (3.00)
Small Business Management
Prereq: COMM 2131 and 2201; or permission of the Department
This course examines the structure of the small and micro-business sector in Canada and the United States and the most significant management issues characteristic of small enterprise. These include business opportunity assessment for small enterprises, competitive advantage, ownership and management structure, government/small business relations, planning, data-base management, financing, financial management, and marketing. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

COMM 3361 (3.00)
Entrepreneurship and New Venture Creation
Prereq: COMM 2131 and 2201; or permission of the Department
This course examines the process of business venture creation and start-up and of the role of the entrepreneur in this process. Topics include business opportunity assessment, the structure and function of the business plan, new venture financing, and the legal and regulatory aspects of start-up. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

COMM 3371 (3.00)
Issues in Business and Society
Prereq: COMM 2131 and 2301; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: COMM 4371
This course examines problems in managing relations between the firm and its many stakeholders, including shareholders, government, public interest groups, employees, other firms with which it does business, consumers, and society at large. Such topics as business ethics, the social responsibility of business, business and the environment, pluralism, foreign ownership, consumerism, and the multi-national organization are examined. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

COMM 3381 (3.00)
Global Context of Business
Prereq: 3 credits from COMM 2101, 2201, or 2301; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: COMM 4801 (Winter 2006); COMM 2321
This course examines issues, challenges and opportunities that face managers in our interdependent global economy. A worldview perspective is used to examine the influence of political, economic, environmental, social, cultural and technological factors that influence how business is conducted in various parts of the world. It explores strategies for managing interactions with business, government and non-government organizations. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

COMM 3401 (3.00)
Research Methods in Business
Prereq: MATH 2321 or ECON 2701 or PSYC 2011; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: COMM 4231
This course introduces students to the process of research to illuminate the academic and practical significance of research activities. Students are exposed to different research methodologies and how these underlying methodologies inform the research process. Topics include qualitative and quantitative research methodologies, developing data collection strategies and tools, and selecting appropriate methods to analyze data. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour)

COMM 3411 (3.00)
Management Science
Prereq: MATH 1111, 3 credits in Computer Science and MATH 2321 or ECON 2701 or PSYC 2011; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: Any version of COMM 3411 previously offered with a different title
This course examines formalized methods of arriving at business decisions. Topics will be selected from, but not limited to, constrained optimization models, decision models, game theory, network models, forecasting and dynamic programming. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: Counts as an Economics elective for students taking a Major, Minor or Honours in Economics.]

COMM 3421 (3.00)
Production and Operations Management
Prereq: COMM 2131 and MATH 2311; or permission of the Department
An introduction to issues and problems in the area of operations management. Topics include: productivity, product design and process selection (manufacturing and services), quality control, capacity planning, facility layout, work measurement, just-in-time inventory systems, synchronized manufacturing, and automation. (Format: Lecture/Projects 3 Hours)

COMM 3431 (3.00)
Management Information Systems
Prereq: 3 credits in Computer Science and COMM 2131; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: COMM 4411
This course covers the information systems approach to the decision-making process. Such methods as Critical Path Planning, Electronic Data Processing and others will be studied in reference to a total information system. The student will be involved in identifying, evaluating, and designing information flows. (Format: Lecture/Projects 3 Hours)

COMM 3501 (3.00)
Introduction to Finance
Prereq: COMM 2101 and MATH 2321 (or ECON 2701 or PSYC 2011); or permission of the Department
Important topics in this course include value, capital budgeting, the relationship of risk and expected return, market efficiency, capital structure and dividend policy. Other topics such as option theory, hedging, the theory of interest, and international finance may be introduced. The institutional setting of financial management in North America, and specifically in Canada, will be discussed. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: Counts as an Economics elective for students taking a Major, Minor or Honours in Economics.]

COMM 3611 (3.00)
Commercial Law
Prereq: Third or fourth-year standing; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: COMM 4611
An introductory course in commercial law, providing background for general business. Topics dealt with are: the essentials of a contract, general contract law, sale of goods, employment and agency, business associations, credit transactions. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

COMM 3991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Commerce
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for COMM 3991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

COMM 4101 (3.00)
Advanced Accounting I
Prereq: COMM 3121; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: COMM 4121
This course concentrates on advanced accounting theory and relates it to the business reality this theory reflects. Topics will include partnerships, government and not-for-profit accounting, corporate liquidation and bankruptcies, price level and current value accounting, trusts and estates, and standard setting. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

COMM 4131 (3.00)
Advanced Accounting II
Prereq: COMM 3121; or permission of the Department
An introduction to business combinations, consolidated financial statements, joint ventures, and accounting for transactions and operations conducted in foreign currencies. (Format: Lecture/Online Project 3 Hours)

COMM 4141 (3.00)
Accounting Theory
Prereq: COMM 3111, 3501; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: COMM 3141
This course examines the historical development of accounting theory and practice with particular emphasis on the theory of income and asset valuation. Topics include the theoretical basis for past and present accounting principles and current issues and developments in accounting practice. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

COMM 4201 (3.00)
Marketing Strategy
Prereq: Fourth-year standing in Commerce Program, plus six credits in the 3200/4200 series; or permission of the Department
The course provides an in-depth treatment of how marketing strategy is formulated and implemented. This capstone course in the marketing major integrates knowledge obtained from other marketing courses, and selected courses such as finance, policy, and management. The focus is on strategic decisions which have a long-term impact on the organization and which are difficult and costly to reverse. The strategic decision making process is supported by an external analysis (an analysis of the organization's environment) and an internal (firm) analysis. (Format: Discussion/Computer Simulation/Projects 3 Hours)

COMM 4241 (3.00)
Current Challenges in Marketing
Prereq: Fourth-year standing in Commerce Program, plus six credits in the 3200/4200 series; or permission of the Department
This course addresses emerging issues in marketing decision-making. Topics may include recent research related to buyer behaviour, multidimensional scaling for positioning strategies, marketing mistakes and controversies, advertising research issues, pricing policy issues, distribution problems, product development issues, and social marketing approaches. (Format: Lecture/Seminar 3 Hours)

COMM 4301 (3.00)
Arts and Culture Management
Prereq: Third year standing and enrolment in the Minor or Major in Commerce or the Bachelor of Commerce degree; or permission of the Department
This course explores the unique factors that affect the arts and culture sector, such as public pressure for accountability, fundraising needs and the desire of nations to develop the sector. An interdisciplinary, applied approach is taken to resolving management issues in a broad range of arts and culture organizations including art galleries, museums and performing arts series. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

COMM 4311 (3.00)
Strategic Management
Prereq: COMM 2201, 2301, and 3501; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: Any version of COMM 4311 previously offered with a different title
This course integrates the concepts and techniques developed in prior Commerce courses through the analysis and discussion of case studies, current affairs and academic literature. It introduces students to the discipline and practice of strategic management and applies the concepts in a diverse range of organizational and industry settings. Students will be encouraged to develop an ability to view the organization as a whole through exploring the interdependencies between organizational functions and the environment. (Format: Lecture/Seminar 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is open only to students in their last year of studies for a Bachelor of Commerce degree. It is not available to students enrolled in the Minor or Major in Commerce.]

COMM 4321 (3.00)
Strategic Issues
Prereq: COMM 4311; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: Any version of COMM 4321 previously offered with a different title
This course builds upon the content covered in Comm 4311 to explore in depth pertinent issues facing organizations in the deployment of strategic management. This course examines some of these issues and explores how these issues affect an organization's ability to compete and survive. Issues that may be covered include CEO compensation, governance, strategy and structure, culture, strategic human resource management, and ethics in strategic management. (Format: Lecture/Seminar 3 Hours)

COMM 4331 (3.00)
Management of Organizational Change
Prereq: COMM 3341; or permission of the Department
A study of organizational change from two perspectives: planned change and evolutionary change. In discussing planned change the focus is on the planning and implementation process for introducing innovation, restructuring, continual learning, and other types of organizational change. Topics include overcoming resistance to change and embedding the desired change. In discussing evolutionary change the focus is on the patterns of change in the cultures, structures, systems and processes in different types of organizations over extended periods of time in response to management initiatives, competitive pressures and changes in other organizational variables. (Format: Case Discussion/Lecture 3 Hours)

COMM 4341 (3.00)
Business Ethics
Prereq: COMM 3501 or COMM 3411, ECON 1001 and 1011; or permission of the Department
This course deals with principles and practices of business ethics, with particular reference to Canada and North America. Issues investigated may include: the question of moral and legal responsibilities of corporations, ethics in business (including the various elements of ethics programs such as codes of conduct, telephone hotlines, training, the use of ethics officers and of ethics consultants), different control styles (integrity vs compliance programs), the problems associated with the prisoner's dilemma, the existence of implicit moral theory in economics and finance, the theory of the firm and agency theory, the problem of reputation, virtue ethics, ethical investment theory and practice, and the modelling of ethical problems, mainly using game theory. (Format: Lecture 3 Hour)

COMM 4501 (3.00)
Investments and Portfolio Management
Prereq: COMM 3501; or permission of the Department
Topics include theories of security valuation, portfolio selection, stock markets and economic efficiency, and capital market equilibrium. The behaviour of prices of stocks, bonds, and money market instruments will be investigated. Derivative securities will be introduced. Problems of evaluating the investment performance of individuals and investment management institutions will be discussed. (Format: Lecture/Field Trip 3 Hours) [Note 1: Counts as an Economics elective for students taking a Bachelor of Commerce or a Major, Minor or Honours in Economics.]

COMM 4521 (3.00)
Corporate Finance
Prereq: COMM 3501; or permission of the Department
Financial concepts and techniques applied to problems such as working capital management, financial planning, capital budgeting, capital structure, cost of capital, and mergers and acquisitions. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: Counts as an Economics elective for students taking a Bachelor of Commerce or a Major, Minor or Honours in Economics.]

COMM 4531 (3.00)
Venture Capital and Finance of Innovation
Prereq: COMM 3501; or permission of the Deparatment
This course will provide students with an understanding of the venture capital process in the financing of innovation. The course will address the demand and supply of venture capital issues from the perspective of entrepreneurs and investors. Lectures, discussions, case studies and labs may be used to assist students in developing an understanding of the venture capital industry and explore various partnership and organizational arrangements. An important element of the course will be the application of valuation methodologies to these innovative ventures. Issues related to corporate governance will also be discussed in the course. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

COMM 4950 (6.00)
Independent Study in Commerce
This course permits senior students, under the direction of faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study. (Format: Independent Study) [Note 1: Permission of the Department/Program Advisor. Students must obtain consent of an instructor who is willing to be a supervisor and must register for the course prior to the last day for change of registration in the term during which the course is being taken. Note 2: A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. Note 3: Students may register for COMM 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

COMM 4951 (3.00)
Independent Study in Commerce
This course permits senior students, under the direction of faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study. (Format: Independent Study) [Note 1: Permission of the Department/Program Advisor. Students must obtain consent of an instructor who is willing to be a supervisor and must register for the course prior to the last day for change of registration in the term during which the course is being taken. Note 2: A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. Note 3: Students may register for COMM 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

COMM 4990 (6.00)
Honours Thesis
This course requires a major paper on a business topic and is carried out in close consultation with a thesis director. (Format: Independent Study/Thesis) [Note 1: Permission of the Department is Required.]

COMM 4991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Commerce
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for COMM 4991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

Note:  The listing of a course in the Calendar is not a guarantee that the course is offered every year.

Note:  Students must obtain a grade of at least C- in all courses used to fulfill prerequisite requirements. Otherwise, written permission of the appropriate Department Head or Program Co-ordinator must be obtained.

COMP 1631 (3.00)
Introduction to Computer Science
Exclusion: COMP 1611, COMP 1711, any COMP 2000 level or higer
An introduction to computer science providing a broad survey of the discipline and an introduction to programming. Survey topics will be chosen from: origins of computers, data representation and storage, Boolean algebra, digital logic gates, computer architecture, assemblers and compilers, operating systems, networks and the Internet, theories of computation, and artificial intelligence. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours) [Note 1: University preparatory level course in Mathematics is Required.]

COMP 1731 (3.00)
Programming Techniques and Algorithms
Prereq: COMP 1631 or COMP 1711; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: COMP 1721
In the context of solving several larger problems, the techniques of topdown problem solving will be emphasized in order to further develop good programming style. Topics include: documentation, debugging and testing, string processing, internal searching and sorting, elementary data structures, recursion and algorithmic analysis. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

COMP 1991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Computer Science
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for COMP 1991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

COMP 2211 (3.00)
Discrete Structures
Prereq: MATH 1111; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: MATH 2211 Discrete Mathematics
An introduction to the terminology and concepts of discrete mathematics, covering such topics as: logical arguments, proofs and algorithm verification, sets, relations, functions and cardinality of sets, induction and recursion, enumeration, algorithms and complexity. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed with MATH 2211 and may therefore count as three credits in either discipline.]

COMP 2611 (3.00)
Data Structures and Algorithms I
Prereq: COMP 1731; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: Any version of COMP 2611 previously offered with a different title
Effective methods of data organization, focussing on data structures and their algorithms via abstract data types with use of recursive procedures. Design of flexible file structures and related methods e.g. indexes, system file structures, hashed access. Object oriented programming techniques are used in depth. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

COMP 2631 (3.00)
Data Structures and Algorithms II
Prereq: COMP 2611; or permission of the Department
Advanced structures for data organization, with an emphasis on associated algorithms and their complexity. Topics include: binary and text file structures, compression, distributed computing, event-driven programming, advanced user interface design. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

COMP 2931 (3.00)
Introduction to Systems Programming
Prereq: COMP 1731; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: COMP 2911
This course is an introduction to programming at the systems level. Topics include: basic machine organization, assembly language, the UNIX environment, shell scripting, and C/C++ programming. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

COMP 2991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Computer Science
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for COMP 2991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

COMP 3361 (3.00)
Digital Signal Processing and Electronics
Prereq: COMP 1631 and PHYS 1551; or permission of the Department
This course introduces students to both digital electronic circuits and digital signal processing, and would be valuable both for those planning to go on in technical careers in computer science or in physics, and for scientists who wish to develop tools for the collection and analysis of data. Topics to be covered include digital logic gates, Boolean algebra, counting circuits, digital signal conditioning, sampling considerations such as the Nyquist criterion, analog to digital and digital to analog conversion, Fourier Transform theory and application as FFT, correlation and convolution, digital filtering using finite impulse response and infinite impulse response circuits including the ztransform and filter design, and digital image processing including two dimensional FFT techniques, microprocessors, microcontrollers and digital signal processing integrated circuits. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed with PHYS 3361 and may therefore count as three credits in either discipline.]

COMP 3411 (3.00)
Numerical Analysis
Prereq: MATH 1121, 3 credits in Computer Science; or permission of the Department
This course introduces numerical methods for solving a variety of problems in mathematics, the natural sciences, and engineering and the implementation of numerical methods on a computer. Topics include numerical stability, polynomial approximation and interpolation, integration and solution of differential equations, solution of linear and nonlinear systems of equations and matrix factorization. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed with MATH 3411 and may therefore count as three credits in either discipline.]

COMP 3511 (3.00)
Linear Programming
Prereq: MATH 2221, 3 credits in Computer Science; or permission of the Department
Among the topics covered are linear and integer programming, the simplex and revised simplex methods, duality theory and sensitivity analysis, and various applications. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed with MATH 3511 and may therefore count as three credits in either discipline.]

COMP 3531 (3.00)
Simulation and Modeling
Prereq: MATH 1111; one of MATH 2311, 3311, PSYC 2001 and 2011; 3 credits in Computer Science; or permission of the Department
An introduction to the simulation technique for studying mathematical models. Specific topics to be considered include: systems theory and system models, continuous system simulation, discrete system simulation, Monte Carlo methods, random number generators, and simulation languages. Emphasis will be placed upon computer implementation of the methods studied. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed with MATH 3531 and may therefore count as three credits in either discipline.]

COMP 3611 (3.00)
Algorithm Analysis
Prereq: COMP 2631, COMP/MATH 2211; or permission of the Department
This course applies analysis and design techniques to non-numeric algorithms that act on data structures. The design of efficient algorithms leads to in-depth investigations of computational complexity such as NP-hard problems. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

COMP 3651 (3.00)
Artificial Intelligence
Prereq: COMP 2631, COMP/MATH 2211; or permission of the Department
This course introduces general problem solving methods associated with automated reasoning and simulated intelligence. Topics include: state space heuristic search theory, mechanical theorem proving, game playing, natural language processing, propositional logic, learning and cognitive models and expert systems. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

COMP 3711 (3.00)
Principles of Programming Languages
Prereq: COMP 2631, 2931; or permission of the Department
An introduction to the principles of design and implementation of procedural and functional programming languages; modular, object and logic programming. Topics include language syntax and processors and semantic models of data and control structures. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

COMP 3721 (3.00)
Object-Oriented Design and Methodology
Prereq: COMP 2631; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: COMP 2621 (Data and File Structures II), COMP 2711
Continues the introduction to object-oriented programming begun in earlier CS courses, emphasizing further development of algorithms, data structures, software engineering, and the social context of computing. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

COMP 3811 (3.00)
Database Systems
Prereq: COMP 2631, 2931, COMP/MATH 2211; or permission of the Department
An introduction to major types of database systems, and experience with at least one database model. The theoretical and practical aspects of the relational model are emphasized, including database query systems and database design. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

COMP 3831 (3.00)
Computer Graphics
Prereq: COMP 2631, 2931, MATH 2221; or permission of the Department
This course introduces the principles and tools of interactive computer graphics: implementation of device drivers, 3D transformations, clipping, perspective views, input routines, user interface design, data structures, hidden lines, surface removal, colour shading and ray tracing. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

COMP 3851 (3.00)
Computers and Society
Prereq: 6 credits from the Science division, including 3 credits from Computer Science, and third or fourth-year standing; or permission of the Department
This course examines the historical development and growth of the computer and related digital technology. The impact of the computer and the digitalization of society are discussed, including ethical issues related to the modern information age. Privacy and data protection, computer crime, data theft, and legal issues in software creation and use are examined. The responsibilities of the computer professional and computer user are examined from the technical, personal, and societal perspectives. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: Counts as a Commerce elective for students taking a Bachelor of Commerce or a Major or Minor in Commerce.]

COMP 3911 (3.00)
Operating Systems
Prereq: COMP 2931; or permission of the Department
This course examines the major concepts underlying the design of operating systems such as process management, scheduling, memory management, device management, security, and network structures. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

COMP 3971 (3.00)
Computer Organization and Architecture
Prereq: COMP 2631, 2931; or permission of the Department
This course introduces modern computer design and its relation to system architecture and program function. Topics include system bus design, memory organization, I/O device access, instruction set design, instruction pipelining, leading to an investigation of how these tools are used to support multi-processor systems. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

COMP 3991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Computer Science
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for COMP 3991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

COMP 4631 (3.00)
Theory of Computation
Prereq: COMP 1721 or 1731, COMP/MATH 2211; or permission of the Department
This course is an introduction to theoretical aspects of Computer Science such as formal language and automata theory and complexity theory. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed with MATH 4631 and may therefore count as three credits in either discipline.]

COMP 4651 (3.00)
Cryptography
Prereq: COMP 1631 or 1711, 1721 or 1731, COMP/MATH 2211; or permission of the Department
This course is an introduction to cryptographic algorithms and to the cryptanalysis of these algorithms, with an emphasis on the fundamental principles of information security. Topics include: classical cryptosystems, modern block and stream ciphers, public-key ciphers, digital signatures, hash functions, key distribution and agreement. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed with MATH 4651 and may therefore count as three credits in either discipline.]

COMP 4721 (3.00)
Software Design
Prereq: COMP 2631, 2711 or 3721, 2931, 6 credits in Computer Science at the 3000/4000 level, and third or fourth-year standing; or permission of the Department
This course focuses on software design culminating in a major project. It studies life cycle models and their phases: planning, requirements, specifications, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 2 Hours)

COMP 4911 (3.00)
Computer Networks
Prereq: COMP 2631, 2931, and 3 credits from Computer Science at the 3/4000 level; or permission of the Department
An introduction to computer network applications and design. Topics will include: layered models, data transmission protocols, network topology, and security. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

COMP 4950 (6.00)
Independent Study in Computer Science
This course permits senior students, under the direction of faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study. (Format: Independent Study) [Note 1: Permission of the Department/Program Advisor. Students must obtain consent of an instructor who is willing to be a supervisor and must register for the course prior to the last day for change of registration in the term during which the course is being taken. Note 2: A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. Note 3: Students may register for COMP 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

COMP 4951 (3.00)
Independent Study in Computer Science
This course permits senior students, under the direction of faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study. (Format: Independent Study) [Note 1: Permission of the Department/Program Advisor. Students must obtain consent of an instructor who is willing to be a supervisor and must register for the course prior to the last day for change of registration in the term during which the course is being taken. Note 2: A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. Note 3: Students may register for COMP 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

COMP 4990 (6.00)
Honours Thesis
Independent research and study under direction of a member of the Department; for students in History Honours program. (Format: Independent Study/Thesis) [Note 1: Consent of supervising staff member and permission of the Department Required.]

COMP 4991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Computer Science
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for COMP 4991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

With the exceptions below, all descriptions of Drama courses available are given in the appropriate course description section. The only interdisciplinary drama courses offered are described below.

Note:  The listing of a course in the Calendar is not a guarantee that the course is offered every year.

Note:  Students must obtain a grade of at least C- in all courses used to fulfill prerequisite requirements. Otherwise, written permission of the appropriate Department Head or Program Co-ordinator must be obtained.

DRAM 1701 (3.00)
Introduction to Drama
Prereq: ENGL 1201 (also can be a co-requisite) or enrolment in the Interdisciplinary Major or Minor in Drama; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: DRAM/ENGL 2021
This course introduces students to conventions, forms, and devices of drama as they emerge under, and respond to, specific theatrical and cultural conditions. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed as ENGL 1701 and may be taken as three credits in either discipline.]

DRAM 1991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Drama
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for DRAM 1991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

DRAM 2151 (3.00)
Introduction to Acting
Prereq: DRAM/ENGL 1701 (or DRAM/ENGL 2021); or permission of the Director of Drama
This course introduces students to the theory and practice of acting, and will help them to develop competence in script analysis and performance with a view to creating a dramatic role on stage. The study of the themes, structures, rhythms and subtext, and of the visual-kinetic dimension embedded in several dramatic texts will be complemented by dramatic improvisations and character/scene studies in order to prepare students for a final public performance. (Format: Lecture/Workshop 3 Hours)

DRAM 2161 (3.00)
Production I
Prereq: DRAM/ENGL 1701 (or DRAM/ENGL 2021); or permission of the Department
Students will develop competence in basic stagecraft, chiefly set construction, light and sound; in stage management, production management, technical direction, lighting and sound design; and in basic drafting and technical drawing. (Format: Lecture/Workshop 3 Hours)

DRAM 2991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Drama
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for DRAM 2991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

DRAM 3001 (3.00)
Dramatic Theory
Prereq: DRAM/ENGL 1701 (or DRAM/ENGL 2021); or permission of the Instructor
Exclusion: DRAM 3000
This course studies ways in which theatre practitioners have understood their art and the ways in which it reflects their world. Among topics to be explored are theories of representation, performance theory, tragic theory, comic theory, Naturalism, Expressionism, and Political Theatre. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

DRAM 3151 (3.00)
Principles of Directing
Prereq: DRAM 2151; or permission of the Director of Drama
Exclusion: DRAM 3051
This course introduces students to the theory and practice of directing, diverse models of the director's role in the theatrical process, script analysis for directorial purposes, study of staging techniques, and techniques for working with actors. The class will study several texts and present selected scenes with a view to developing directorial competence. (Format: Lecture/Workshop 3 Hours)

DRAM 3161 (3.00)
Production II
Prereq: DRAM 2161; or permission of the Director of Drama
Exclusion: DRAM 3061
This course will explore theatre architecture, set design, costume design, scenic painting, properties, mask-making, and historical research in support of design. (Format: Lecture/Workshop 3 Hours)

DRAM 3171 (3.00)
Acting Styles
Prereq: DRAM 2151; or permission of the Program Director
This course focuses on approaches to character creation and acting styles across diverse theatrical forms. Advanced acting techniques and principles are explored as a way to approach non-realist dramatic literature and types of performance with a special emphasis on developing the students' knowledge and understanding of style in performance. The course addresses the particular demands made on the performer by styles such as Greek tragedy, Choral performance, Shakespearean (tragedy and comedy), Comedy of Character, Comedy of Manners, Commedia dell'arte, Farce, Melodrama, Theatre of the Absurd, and Physical Theatre. (Format: Integrated Lecture and Workshop 3 Hours)

DRAM 3991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Drama
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for DRAM 3991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

DRAM 4011 (3.00)
Advanced Theatrical Interpretation
This course involves projects in areas such as acting, directing, writing and design as assigned within the Windsor Theatre's season by the Director of Drama. Practical results are supported by written and/or visual materials as appropriate. (Format: Independent Study) [Note 1: Permission of the Director of Drama]

DRAM 4950 (6.00)
Independent Study in Drama
This course permits senior students, under the direction of faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study. (Format: Independent Study) [Note 1: Permission of the Department/Program Advisor. Students must obtain consent of an instructor who is willing to be a supervisor and must register for the course prior to the last day for change of registration in the term during which the course is being taken. Note 2: A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. Note 3: Students may register for DRAM 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

DRAM 4951 (3.00)
Independent Study in Drama
This course permits senior students, under the direction of faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study. (Format: Independent Study) [Note 1: Permission of the Department/Program Advisor. Students must obtain consent of an instructor who is willing to be a supervisor and must register for the course prior to the last day for change of registration in the term during which the course is being taken. Note 2: A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. Note 3: Students may register for DRAM 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

DRAM 4991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Drama
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for DRAM 4991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

Note:  The listing of a course in the Calendar is not a guarantee that the course is offered every year.

Note:  Students must obtain a grade of at least C- in all courses used to fulfill prerequisite requirements. Otherwise, written permission of the appropriate Department Head or Program Co-ordinator must be obtained.

ECON 1001 (3.00)
Principles of Microeconomics
Exclusion: ECON 1000
A general introduction to the study of Economics and the nature of economic problems. Of primary concern is the behaviour of consumers and firms in different markets, and the results of their actions as manifested in production, costs, and prices. Market efficiency and market failure are also examined. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Tutorial 1 Hour) [Note 1: Students should normally have completed a university preparatory level course in Mathematics.]

ECON 1011 (3.00)
Principles of Macroeconomics
Exclusion: ECON 1000
A general introduction to the study of Economics and the nature of economic problems. Of primary concern is the determinants of the level of national income, employment, and the accompanying stabilization problems and policies. Topics also include money and banking. international trade, exchange rates, and the problems of inflation. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Tutorial 1 Hour)

ECON 1991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Economics
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for ECON 1991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

ECON 2001 (3.00)
Intermediate Microeconomics I
Prereq: ECON 1001; or permission of the Department
A course in microeconomic theory and its applications. Topics include: scope and method of microeconomics; market interactions; supply and demand; consumer behaviour; choices under uncertainty; theory of production and cost; profit maximization and competitive supply; and the analysis of competitive markets and effects of government policies. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ECON 2011 (3.00)
Intermediate Microeconomics II
Prereq: ECON 2001; or permission of the Department
Microeconomic theory and its applications continued. Topics include: market power; monopoly and monopsony; pricing with market power; monopolistic competition and oligopoly; game theory and competitive strategy; markets for inputs and income distribution; investment, time and capital markets; general equilibrium and economic efficiency; markets and asymmetric information; and externalities and public goods. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ECON 2101 (3.00)
Intermediate Macroeconomics I
Prereq: ECON 1011; or permission of the Department
Theories of national income, employment, inflation, balance of payments, and stabilization policy within the framework of macroeconomic models of a open economy. The focus of the course will be on short-run macroeconomic analysis and policy. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ECON 2111 (3.00)
Intermediate Macroeconomics II
Prereq: ECON 2101; or permission of the Department
A continuation of macroeconomic analysis in the context of the long-run. Topics include long-run consumption functions, investment and real business cycles, economic growth and productivity, and the monetary theories of the classical economists, Keynes, and Friedman. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ECON 2301 (3.00)
Issues in Canadian Public Policy
Prereq: Six credits from Social Sciences; or permission of the Department
This course is designed to introduce students to analytical methods used by social scientists examining Canadian social and economic policy. Students will be exposed to these analytical methods while studying issues which perennially arise in discussions of Canadian social and economic policy. Specific topics covered will vary from year to year and might include the following: unemployment and government policy; Canada and the global economy; social security reform; regionalism; education policy; health policy; and inflation and public policy. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ECON 2311 (3.00)
Current Debates in Canadian Public Policy
Prereq: Six credits from Social Sciences; or permission of the Department
This course is a critical study of current debates on economic and social policy in Canada. Specific debates covered will vary from year to year, and will be chosen to ensure no overlap with Economics 2301. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ECON 2701 (3.00)
Introduction to Econometrics
Prereq: ECON 1001 and 1011, MATH 2311; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: Any version of ECON 2701 previously offered with a different title
This course introduces statistical tools for handling data generated in uncontrolled environments and the techniques involved in their use. Topics include estimation and inference of single- and multi-variable regression models, large sample techniques, dummy variables, heteroskedasticity, and an introduction to times series. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ECON 2991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Economics
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for ECON 2991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

ECON 3101 (3.00)
Law and Economics
Prereq: ECON 1001 and 1011; or permission of the Department
An introduction to the economic analysis of law, the role of economics in legal debates, and the role of law in economic exchange. The course examines economic aspects of social and legal issues and policies in regional, national and international contexts. Topics may include: property, contracts, torts, environmental law, and the economics of crime and punishment. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ECON 3111 (3.00)
Health Economics
Prereq: ECON 1001 and 1011; or permission of the Department
An introduction to economic issues in the health care system. The course examines applications of economic principles and empirical analysis to the study of health and health policies in Canadian and International contexts. Topics may include: the demand for health care, the supply of health services through health practitioners and hospitals, the economic effects of health insurance, pharmaceutical markets, economic evaluation techniques for health, health technology assessment and public policy formulation. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ECON 3201 (3.00)
Money, Banking, and the Canadian Financial System: Microeconomic Perpectives
Prereq: ECON 1001 and 1011; or permission of the Department
This course covers microeconomic aspects of the Canadian financial system. One main focus of the course is on financial instruments, the markets in which they are traded, and the economic role that these markets play. The other main focus is on Canadian financial institutions, the activities in which they engage, and the economic roles they play. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: Counts as a Commerce elective for students taking a Bachelor of Commerce or a Major or Minor in Commerce.]

ECON 3211 (3.00)
Money, Banking, and the Canadian Financial System: MacRoeconomic Perpectives
Prereq: ECON 1001 and 1011; or permission of the Department
This course covers macroeconomic aspects of the Canadian financial system. These include central banking, and the conduct and mechanics of monetary policy. The international financial system is also covered. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: Counts as a Commerce elective for students taking a Bachelor of Commerce or a Major or Minor in Commerce.]

ECON 3301 (3.00)
Introduction to Game Theory
Prereq: ECON 1001 and ECON 1011; or MATH 1111; or permission of the Department
This course introduces the basic tools and methods of Game Theory. Game Theory is a mathematically oriented approach to understanding the strategic interaction of self-interested agents. Emphasis is on non-cooperative games. Topics include backwards induction, iterative deletion of dominated strategies, Nash equilibrium, repeated games, some equilibrium refinements, evolutionary game theory, and Bayesian Nash equilibria. (Format: Lecture 3 hours, Laboratory 1 Hour) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed as MATH 3301 and therefore may count as 3 credits in either discipline.]

ECON 3401 (3.00)
Survey Research Methods
Prereq: Six credits from Social Sciences; three credits from MATH 2311, PSYC 2011, GENS 2431, BIOL 3701; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: ECON 4981 Data Analysis I, II, Data and Research
The purpose of this course is to introduce students in social science disciplines to survey research methods. To achieve this goal, students will be taken through the complete survey development process. This will involve not only the development and administration of a survey questionnaire, sample selection, and statistical analysis but also collaboration with survey developers and parties interested in the survey administration. Presentation techniques will also be covered. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ECON 3501 (3.00)
Economic Growth and Technological Change
Prereq: ECON 1001 and 1011; or permission of the Department
This course covers economic theories of economic growth and technological change and their application in the study of the historical evolution of the world economy. Historical sections of the course will selectively cover materials on Canada, the US, Europe, Asia, and the developing world. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ECON 3531 (3.00)
Economic Growth and Development: Japan And East Asia
Prereq: ECON 3501; or permission of the Department
This course focuses on the economic performance of the economies of Japan, China, and other areas of eastern Asia. Economic history and major current events will be covered. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ECON 3551 (3.00)
International Development
Prereq: ECON 3501; or permission of the Department
This course focuses on differences in the patterns of economic development in the world economy. The primary focus is the developing world and on national and international policies designed to improve the global distribution of income. The economic development policies of the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the United Nations will be critically examined. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ECON 3601 (3.00)
Principles of Cost-Benefit Analysis
Prereq: ECON 2001; or permission of the Department
This course examines the use of economic theory in the assessment of public sector regulations and projects. Topics include the measurement of social costs and social benefits, shadow pricing, and the choice of discount rate. The course will rely heavily on concrete examples such as transportation infrastructure, medical services, environmental protection and hydro development. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: Counts as a Commerce elective for students taking a Bachelor of Commerce or a Major or Minor in Commerce.]

ECON 3711 (3.00)
Labour Management Relations
Prereq: ECON 1001 and 1011; or permission of the Department
An introduction to the history and institutions of the North American industrial relations system. Topics include: labour management techniques used by firms; unions and union strategies; government regulation of pay and working conditions; and the structure of collective bargaining. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: Counts as a Commerce elective for students taking a Bachelor of Commerce or a Major or Minor in Commerce.]

ECON 3721 (3.00)
Labour Economics
Prereq: ECON 2001; or permission of the Department
This course introduces labour economics. Topics covered include the demand and supply of labour, the Canadian labour market and income distribution, unemployment, poverty, and discrimination in Canada. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ECON 3801 (3.00)
Environmental Economics
Prereq: ECON 1001 and 1011; or permission of the Department
The application of economic analysis in the study of environmental problems. Students will examine when and why markets often fail to allocate sufficient resources to environmental conservation, and will critically assess different policy instruments available to correct for the fundamental "market failure". Using the analytical methods developed in this course, the following type of policies will be examined: measures to control air and water pollution, the disposal of hazardous wastes, the protection of endangered species, and the control of cross border pollution, including the Canadian "Green Plan". (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ECON 3821 (3.00)
Natural Resource Economics
Prereq: ECON 2001 and MATH 1111; or permission of the Department
This course examines the application of economic analysis to questions of management, use, and conservation of natural resources. It exposes students to economic theories used in the study of renewable and non-renewable resource industries. It pays particular attention to resource industries important to the Atlantic Canadian economy (the fishery, forestry, agriculture, mining, and energy). (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ECON 3901 (3.00)
International Trade
Prereq: ECON 1001 and 1011; or permission of the Department
Issues examined will include the pure economic theory of international trade and important institutions (the FTA, NAFTA, the EC, GATT, etc.), plus problems and policies associated with trade in goods and services. Students will examine issues such as free trade and protectionism and the gains and losses resulting from globalization. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ECON 3921 (3.00)
International Finance
Prereq: ECON 1001 and 1011; or permission of the Department
This course examines the financial side of international trade. The focus is on exchange rates, the balance of international payments, alternative means of adjustment to shocks in the international economy, and international monetary arrangements. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: Counts as a Commerce elective for students taking a Bachelor of Commerce or a Major or Minor in Commerce.]

ECON 3991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Economics
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for ECON 3991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

ECON 4001 (3.00)
Modes of Classical Economic Thought
Prereq: Six credits from ECON 2001, 2011, 2101 and 2111; or permission of the Department
This course focuses on the work of classical economists (especially Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Thomas Malthus) and the economic theories of Karl Marx. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ECON 4011 (3.00)
Modes of Economic Thought
Prereq: ECON 2001, 2011, 2101 and 2111; or permission of the Department
This course examines the historical origins of neo-classical, Austrian and Keynesian economics thought. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ECON 4501 (3.00)
Public Finance: Taxation and Fiscal Federalism
Prereq: ECON 2001 and 2011; or permission of the Department
This course examines positive and normative approaches to taxation and fiscal federalism with special emphasis on issues in Canadian Public Finance. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: Counts as a Commerce elective for students taking a Bachelor of Commerce or a Major or Minor in Commerce.]

ECON 4511 (3.00)
Public Finance: Expenditures and Debt Management
Prereq: ECON 2001, 2011 and 2101; or permission of the Department
This course examines positive and normative approaches to public expenditures and debt management with special emphasis on issues in Canadian Public Finance. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: Counts as a Commerce elective for students taking a Bachelor of Commerce or a Major or Minor in Commerce.]

ECON 4611 (3.00)
Industrial Organization: Theory
Prereq: ECON 2001 and ECON 2011 and MATH 1111; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: ECON 3611
This course provides an overview of central theories of industrial organization, examining market power, the theory of the firm, and strategic behaviour, within classic and dynamic oligopoly theoretical frameworks. It makes explicit use of game theoretic techniques where appropriate. Topics may include: collusive and competitive behaviour, non-linear pricing, commitment and repeated games, and entry deterrence. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ECON 4621 (3.00)
Industrial Organization: Policy
Prereq: ECON 2001 and ECON 2011 and MATH 1111; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: ECON 3621
This course examines the economics of vertical and horizontal constraints. It provides an introduction to regulatory economics and Canadian and International competition policy. Topics may include policy issues concerning the control of mergers, monopoly, predatory pricing, collusion, resale price maintenance, exclusive dealing, tying, and other contractual agreements including restrictions on contracting agents. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ECON 4700 (6.00)
Econometrics
Prereq: MATH 2221, ECON 2701 or MATH 3311 and 3321; or permission of the Department
An introduction to the measurement of economic relationships. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: Counts as a Commerce elective for students taking a Bachelor of Commerce or a Major or Minor in Commerce.]

ECON 4801 (3.00)
Advanced Economic Theory I
Prereq: ECON 2001, 2011, 2101, 2111, MATH 1121; or permission of the Department
The course is primarily concerned with developing tools and techniques for analyzing problems in microeconomics. These include modern theories of the consumer and of the firm, general equilibrium, and the welfare theorems. Honours students who wish to pursue graduate studies in economics are strongly advised to take this course. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: Counts as a Commerce elective for students taking a Bachelor of Commerce or a Major or Minor in Commerce.]

ECON 4811 (3.00)
Advanced Economic Theory II
Prereq: ECON 4801; or permission of the Department
The course is primarily concerned with developing tools and techniques for analyzing dynamic macroeconomic problems. Topics include growth models, overlapping generation models, and real business cycle models. Honours students who wish to pursue graduate studies in economics are strongly advised to take this course. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: Counts as a Commerce elective for students taking a Bachelor of Commerce or a Major or Minor in Commerce.]

ECON 4821 (3.00)
Uncertainty and Strategy in Economics
Prereq: ECON 2001, 2011, 2101, 2111; or permission of the Department
The course examines the roles played by uncertainty and asymmetric information in the allocation of resources. It also uses tools of probability theory to examine strategic interaction. Honours students who wish to pursue graduate studies in economics are strongly advised to take this course. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: Counts as a Commerce elective for students taking a Bachelor of Commerce or a Major or Minor in Commerce.]

ECON 4950 (6.00)
Independent Study in Economics
This course permits senior students, under the direction of faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study. (Format: Independent Study) [Note 1: Permission of the Department/Program Advisor. Students must obtain consent of an instructor who is willing to be a supervisor and must register for the course prior to the last day for change of registration in the term during which the course is being taken. Note 2: A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. Note 3: Students may register for ECON 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

ECON 4951 (3.00)
Independent Study in Economics
This course permits senior students, under the direction of faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study. (Format: Independent Study) [Note 1: Permission of the Department/Program Advisor. Students must obtain consent of an instructor who is willing to be a supervisor and must register for the course prior to the last day for change of registration in the term during which the course is being taken. Note 2: A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. Note 3: Students may register for ECON 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

ECON 4990 (6.00)
Honours Thesis
A student fulfilling requirements for an Honours degree may elect to undertake a research and writing project of acceptable scope and quality under the supervision of faculty members in Economics. The student must submit a formal proposal to the Department prior to registration. (Format: Independent Study/Thesis) [Note 1: Written permission of the Department Required. Note 2: Counts as a Commerce elective for students taking a Bachelor of Commerce or a Major or Minor in Commerce.]

ECON 4991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Economics
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for ECON 4991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

The 1000 level series courses offer an introduction to a variety of approaches to the reading of and writing about literature, using texts from a range of genres and periods. At the 2000 level, students may choose from introduction to literary periods courses, Shakespeare course, and Canadian and American literature courses. These courses provide foundation for the 3000 level courses. At the 3000 level students are offered courses in traditional periods of English literature, various national literatures including Canadian and American, Postcolonial literature, dramatic literature, creative writing, film, genre and cultural studies.

Normally taken only in the fourth year when students are best equipped to benefit from them, the "Selected Topics" courses of the 4000 series provide an opportunity for students and faculty to develop their special interests. While various topics are offered from year to year at the 4000 level, students can pursue individual study and research under supervision (4951: Independent Study).

Note:  The listing of a course in the Calendar is not a guarantee that the course is offered every year.

Note:  Students must obtain a grade of at least C- in all courses used to fulfill prerequisite requirements. Otherwise, written permission of the appropriate Department Head or Program Co-ordinator must be obtained.

ENGL 1111 (3.00)
Literature, the Arts and Humanities
English 1111 provides an introduction to the interrelationship between literature and social issues, focusing on the intersection of the discipline of English with other fields in the Arts and Humanities. The course will acquaint beginning students with many of the major forms of English literature as encountered through discussions related to subjects such as the fine arts, religion, philosophy, history, and other fields in the Arts and Humanities. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Tutorials Time Arranged)

ENGL 1121 (3.00)
Literature, Science and Technology
Like its companion course English 1111, English 1121 provides an introduction to the interrelationship between literature and social issues, in this case focusing on topics related to the fields of Science and Technology. The material will introduce beginning students to English Literature and its interaction with scientific and technological subjects in past and present societies. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Tutorials Time Arranged)

ENGL 1201 (3.00)
Introduction to Principles of Literary Analysis
Exclusion: ENGL 1001
This course, offered in several sections each year, introduces students to critical approaches to the reading of, and writing about, literature. Each section has its own reading list, set by the individual instructor and including a balanced representation of prose, fiction, poetry and drama, taken from a range of historical periods. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: Students who wish to pursue courses in English at the 2000 level and above must take ENGL 1201.]

ENGL 1501 (3.00)
Introduction to Poetry
Prereq: ENGL 1201 (can be completed as co-requisite); or permission of the Department
Exclusion: ENGL 2011
This course will acquaint students with the materials of the poet's art and survey outstanding achievements in the English tradition of poetry. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 1701 (3.00)
Introduction to Drama
Prereq: ENGL 1201 (can be completed as a co-requisite), or enrolment in the Interdisciplinary Major or Minor in Drama; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: ENGL/DRAM 2021
This course introduces students to conventions, forms, and devices of drama as they emerge under, and respond to, specific theatrical and cultural conditions. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed as DRAM 1701 and may be taken as three credits in either discipline.]

ENGL 1801 (3.00)
Introduction to Prose Fiction
Prereq: ENGL 1201 (can be completed as a co-requisite); or permission of the Department
Exclusion: ENGL 2031 and/or ENGL 2041
This course will examine the two major prose genres of the novel and the short story; selected examples of representative forms will be chosen to illustrate the range and variety of both genres. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 1991 (3.00)
Special Topic in English
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for ENGL 1991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

ENGL 2201 (3.00)
Literary Periods to 1800
Prereq: ENGL 1001 or 1201 and one of ENGL 1501, 1701, 1801; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: ENGL 2001
This course presents an intensive survey of English literary history from Anglo-Saxon times to the late eighteenth century. Along with its companion course, English 2301, it is specially designed for students with a strong interest in the discipline of English. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: ENGL 2201 is mandatory for the Majors and Honours degrees.]

ENGL 2211 (3.00)
Introduction to Shakespeare
Prereq: ENGL 1001 or 1201 and one of ENGL 1501, 1701, 1801; or second-year standing in the Interdisciplinary Program in Drama; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: ENGL 2311. 2321, 3300
This course introduces students to a wide range of Shakespeare's plays. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 2301 (3.00)
Literary Periods, 1800-Present
Prereq: ENGL 1001 or 1201 and one of ENGL 1501, 1701, 1801; or permission of the Department
This course presents an intensive survey of English literary history from the Romantic period to the present. Along with English 2201, it is specially designed for students with a strong interest in the discipline of English. Students are strongly advised to take English 2201 before enrolling in this course. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: ENGL 2301 is mandatory for the Majors and Honours degrees.]

ENGL 2701 (3.00)
Introduction to American Literature
Prereq: ENGL 1001 or 1201 and one of English 1501, 1701, 1801; or permission of the Department
This course offers students an introductory survey of American writing from the colonial period to the present. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 2801 (3.00)
Introduction to Canadian Literature
Prereq: ENGL 1001 or 1201 and one of ENGL 1501, 1701, 1801; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: ENGL 2800
This course presents an introductory overview of Canadian literature from its beginnings to the present. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 2991 (3.00)
Special Topic in English
Prereq: ENGL 1201 and one of ENGL 1501, 1701 or 1801; or permission of the Department
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for ENGL 2991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

ENGL 3011 (3.00)
Survey of Medieval Literature
Prereq: ENGL 2201 and 3 other credits of English at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: ENGL 3011 (Anglo-Saxon and Medieval Literature)
A study of selected literary texts produced in England from the fifth century to the fifteenth century. Anglo-Saxon, Anglo-Norman and Celtic texts will be read in modern translations, Middle-English texts will be read in the original. Major texts and authors such as Beowulf, the Anglo-Saxon elegies, Chaucer, Lydgate and Malory will be included along with anonymous texts. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3021 (3.00)
Middle-English Literature
Prereq: ENGL 3011; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: ENGL 3021 (Later Medieval Literature)
This course will concentrate on Middle-English literature produced in the twelfth to the fifteenth centuries. Prose and poetry genres, including lyrics, romances, dream visions and frame narratives may be studied in conjunction with a specific theme or subject. The texts will be read in the original Middle-English language. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3211 (3.00)
Advanced Studies in Shakespeare
Prereq: ENGL 2211 or ENGL 3311 and three more English credits at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: ENGL 3300
A study of a selected number of Shakespeare's plays at an advanced level, requiring students' engagement with current issues in Shakespearean scholarship and criticism. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3231 (3.00)
Sixteenth Century Literature
Prereq: Six credits of English at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
This course will examine development of literary forms and genres in the English Renaissance. It will provide an overview to the non-dramatic literary developments in the 16th Century, and will provide samples of the tremendous range of literature being produced in the Tudor period. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3241 (3.00)
Major Texts in Early English Literature
Prereq: Six credits of English at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
This course will examine a major text, genre or theme from the Medieval and Renaissance periods. Topics will rotate from a selection of long texts and long text-based genres. Examples of such texts are: Beowulf, The Canterbury Tales, Piers Plowman, Morte D'Arthur, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, The Faerie Queene, and Arcadia. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: Please contact the English Department for the specific subject for each year.]

ENGL 3311 (3.00)
English Drama to 1642
Prereq: Either ENGL/DRAM 1701 and 3 more English credits at the 2000 level or permission of the Department, or English/Drama 1701 and third-year standing in the Interdisciplinary Drama Program
Exclusion: ENGL 3100, 3111, 3121
A study of English dramatic literature and production, excluding Shakespeare, from the Middle Ages to the closing of the theatres in 1642. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3351 (3.00)
Literature of the Early Seventeenth Century
Prereq: Six credits of English at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: ENGL 3350
A study of the poetry and prose of the early seventeenth century, focusing on the work of authors such as Donne, Jonson, and Herbert. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3361 (3.00)
Literature and the English Revolution
Prereq: Six credits of English at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: ENGL 3350
A study of the poetry and prose which emerged from the political, religious, and social revolutions of the mid-seventeenth century, including the work of Marvell, Milton, and Bunyan. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3411 (3.00)
Restoration and Augustan Literature
Prereq: Six credits of English at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: ENGL 3400
This course examines British writing of the Restoration and early Augustan periods (1660-1720). The variety of genres and authors to be studied includes early novels by Behn, Defoe, and Swift, formal verse satire by Rochester and Pope, verse epistles and lyrics by Philips and Finch, and diaries and memoirs by Pepys and Manley. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3421 (3.00)
Literature in the Age of Enlightenment
Prereq: Six credits of English at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: ENGL 3400
This course examines British writing from the Age of Reason to the Age of Sensibility (1720-1780). The range of genres and authors to be studied includes satires by Pope and Johnson, novels by Haywood, Fielding, Sterne, and Burney, lyric odes by Carter, Collins, and Gray, and the first Gothic novel by Walpole. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3431 (3.00)
Restoration and Eighteenth Century Drama
Prereq: Either ENGL/DRAM 1701 and 3 more English credits at the 2000 level or permission of the Department, or English/Drama 1701 and third-year standing in the Interdisciplinary Drama Program
Exclusion: ENGL 3430
This courses examines the major British playwrights and dramatic forms emerging between the time of the Restoration of the Monarchy (1660) and the end of the eighteenth century. Works will be assessed both in light of their contemporary theatrical conditions and as cultural artifacts of their respective ages. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3451 (3.00)
Literature in the Age of Romanticism
Prereq: Six credits of English at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: ENGL 3451 (Literature in the Age of Revolution)
This course examines British writing from 1780 to 1810, a period of profound cultural transformation under the impact of the American, French, and Industrial Revolutions. Romanticism was one response to this context, and the course will explore representative examples from the poetry of Blake, Smith, Coleridge, and William Wordsworth. Other genres to be studied will include the Gothic novel, the Jacobin novel, diaries, and epistolary essays. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3461 (3.00)
Literature of the Regency
Prereq: Six credits of English at the 2000 level; on permission of the Department
Exclusion: ENGL 3450
This course examines British writing of the early nineteenth century from the Regency through the reign of George IV (1810-1830). The literary genres to be studied will include Romantic poetry, Regency satire, the historical novel, and the novel of manners, written by such authors as Byron, Austen, Keats, the Shelleys, Scott, Hemans, and Landon. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3481 (3.00)
Early Victorian Literature
Prereq: Six credits of English at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: ENGL 3450
This course examines British writing from the 1830s to the 1860s. Genres and authors to be studied include the novels, essays, and poems of such authors as Carlyle, the Brontes, Tennyson, Gaskell, Dickens, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, and Robert Browning. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3491 (3.00)
Late Victorian Literature
Prereq: Six credits of English at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: ENGL 3450
This course examines British writing at the zenith of the British Empire (1867-1900). The variety of genres and authors to be studied includes novels by Eliot, Thackeray and Hardy, essays by Arnold, Ruskin, and Pater, and poems by Webster, Field, Arnold, Hopkins, the pre-Raphealites, Christina Rossetti, and Wilde. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3511 (3.00)
Early Twentieth-Century British Literature
Prereq: Six credits of English at the 2000 level; or permission of Department
Exclusion: ENGL 3511 (The Rise of Modernism)
This course examines British writing from the turn of the twentieth century to the end of the Second World War. Although this period saw the formation of literary modernism, many British authors continued to write in more conventional modes. Many writers sought to understand how Western culture and civilization could allow for the destruction caused by total war. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3521 (3.00)
Later Twentieth-Century British Literature
Prereq: ENGL 3511; or permission of the Department
This course examines various British literary works written since the Second World War. While some writers continued to experiment with style and form, other post-war British writers retreated from the experimentalism of the major modernists. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3551 (3.00)
The Development of Modern Drama
Prereq: Either ENGL/DRAM 1701 and 3 more English credits at the 2000 level or permission of the Department or English/Drama 1701 and third-year standing in the Interdisciplinary Drama Program
Exclusion: ENGL 3500
A study of representative modern plays including works by Pirandello, Brecht, and Beckett chosen to illustrate the major developments in dramatic literature and production in the twentieth century. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3561 (3.00)
Contemporary Drama
Prereq: Either ENGL/DRAM 1701 and 3 more English credits at the 2000 level or permission of the Department or English/Drama 1701 and third-year standing in the Interdisciplinary Drama Program
Exclusion: ENGL 3500
A study of selected contemporary plays and playwrights. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3611 (3.00)
Drama, Theatre, and Society
Prereq: Either ENGL/DRAM 1701 and 3 more English credits at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department or English/Drama 1701 and third-year standing in the Interdisciplinary Drama Program
This course examines ways in which drama may both reflect and influence society, using as examples the complex relationship between Restoration comedy and its society, efforts at social engineering in Eighteenth-Century bourgeois tragedy, the role of melodrama in reflecting nineteenth century society and culture, and the "birth" of social drama late in the nineteenth century. In addition, it carries these ideas forward to include study of political theatre of the 1920's and 1930's, as well as works by contemporary social playwrights. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3621 (3.00)
Reading Films
Prereq: Six credits of English at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
This course focuses on affinities between printed and cinematic narrative forms, introducing students as well to some of the principles of semiotics, and to the place of film theory within the context of cultural studies more generally. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 2 Hours) [Note 1: This course may count as 3 credits in Art History.]

ENGL 3651 (3.00)
Literature by Women to the Twentieth Century
Prereq: Six credits of English at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: ENGL 3650
A study of literature by women before the twentieth century. This course employs a variety of critical approaches to define a tradition of writing by women. Works by such writers as Mary Godwin Shelley, Charlotte Brontë, Christina Rossetti, and Elizabeth Barrett Browning will be examined. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3661 (3.00)
Literature by Women in the Twentieth - Century
Prereq: Six credits of English at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: ENGL 3650
A study of literature by women in the twentieth century. The course attempts to identify the major developments in the literature, using contemporary critical approaches. Works by such writers as Virginia Woolf, Jean Rhys and Margaret Atwood will be examined. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3711 (3.00)
American Literature From the Colonial Period to the Civil War
Prereq: Six credits of English at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: ENGL 3711 (Early American Literature)
A study of American Literature from its beginnings to 1865. This course focuses on various canonical texts which have become central to American culture and self-understanding; however, the course also makes room for voices of dissent, for those who criticized colonial practices and, after 1776, the newly formed United States of America. Finally, the course will consider various literary responses to what was called the "peculiar institution" that would ultimately divide the nation: slavery. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3721 (3.00)
American Literature From the Civil War To the Present
Prereq: Six credits of English at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: ENGL 3721 (Twentieth Century American Literature)
A study of American Literature from 1865 to the present. This course examines American writing and culture during the period when the United States became a colonial and, later, a world power. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3731 (3.00)
African American Literature
Prereq: Six credits of English at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
This course offers a survey of African American writing from the eighteenth century to the present. In addition to "literary" texts, the course will examine selected examples of the African American vernacular tradition. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3741 (3.00)
Asian American Literature
Prereq: Six credits in English at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
This course offers an introduction to a variety of Asian American writing from the late nineteenth century to the present. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3751 (3.00)
Post-Colonial African Literature
Prereq: Six credits of English at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: ENGL 3751 (Literatures of the South Pacific and Africa)
This course examines African literature in English from 1950, covering the novel, drama, and poetry and relating the literature to both Post-Colonial theory and to the historical developments in African politics and cultures. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3761 (3.00)
Literatures of Australia, New Zealand And the South Pacific
Prereq: Six credits of English at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: ENGL 3751 (Literatures of the South Pacific and Africa)
This course traces the development, from their beginnings in the 1800's, of the literatures of Australia and New Zealand, and introduces the more recent literature from the South Pacific and island states. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3771 (3.00)
Caribbean Literature
Prereq: Six credits of English at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: ENGL 3761 (Literatures of South East Asia and Caribbean)
This course offers an introduction to the literature of the Caribbean Islands since 1945. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3781 (3.00)
The Literature of India and Southeast Asia
Prereq: Six credits of English at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
This course examines the 20th century literature of India and Southeast Asia against the history of the various independence movements and other ideological movements important to the cultures of the area. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3801 (3.00)
Canadian Literature From the Beginnings To 1914
Prereq: Six credits of English at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: ENGL 3810
A study of representative works of Canadian literature from the beginnings to the First World War. The development of Canadian literature from the exploration and settlement stage to Confederation and the beginnings of modernism will be presented. Works by such authors as Richardson, Moodie, Roberts, and Duncan will be examined. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3811 (3.00)
Canadian Modernism
Prereq: Six credits of English at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: ENGL 3820
This course will examine the developments in Modernism found in Canadian literature from 1910 to 1950. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3821 (3.00)
The Canadian Postmodern
Prereq: Six credits of English at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: ENGL 3820
This course will examine the proliferating innovations in the forms and themes of Canadian literature since 1950. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3831 (3.00)
Aspects of Canadian Literature
Prereq: Six credits of English at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: ENGL 3810
A study of a selected aspect of Canadian literature. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3850 (6.00)
Creative Writing
Prereq: Third and fourth-year standing and permission of the Department based on acceptance of a writing portfolio
Exclusion: ENGL 3851, 3861
This course will offer workshops in creative writing, concentrating primarily on poetry and short fiction; it may also include some work in other forms such as drama and the personal essay. Admission to the course is based on acceptance of a portfolio of original creative work. Note that portfolios are due by the end of Reading Week in the winter term previous to the course. (Format: Seminar/Workshop 3 Hours)

ENGL 3871 (3.00)
Contemporary Literary Theory I
Prereq: Six credits of English at the 2000 level and minimum third-year standing; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: ENGL 3880
This course offers an introduction to various contemporary theories of literature; diverse approaches, such as structuralist, semiotic, post-structuralist and "deconstructive" will be examined. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3881 (3.00)
Contemporary Literary Theory II
Prereq: ENGL 3871; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: ENGL 3880
This course will draw upon the literary theories introduced in English 3871 while introducing further theoretical approaches such as psychoanalytic, feminist, and Marxist theories. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3911 (3.00)
Studies in Literary Genre
Prereq: Six credits of English at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
This course will address one or more popular genres of literature, paying attention to the emergence and rise of the genre(s) and to the narrative conventions of the genre(s). Generic literatures examined could include, but need not be limited to, autobiography, mystery, romance, speculative fiction, utopia or dystopia, etc. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3921 (3.00)
Cultural Studies
Prereq: Six credits of English at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
This course offers an introduction to the broad field of contemporary cultural studies, paying particular attention to current theoretical models of 'reading' the texts of popular culture. Diverse forms of texts will be examined. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3931 (3.00)
Aspects of Postmodernism
Prereq: Six credits of English at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
This course will examine various aspects of the postmodern aesthetic by exploring post-modern writing, such as that by Barth, Eco, Carter, Calvino, or Acker, within the context of recent theories of postmodernism; the course will explore implications of postmodernism as both a cultural and an aesthetic phenomenon. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3941 (3.00)
Modernism
Prereq: Six credits of English at the 2000 level; or permission of the Department
This course is an introduction to concepts of modernism in literature and culture. While the course focuses on modernist literature written in English, its scope is international and interdisciplinary. Students study foundational modernist literary texts, but also read other works, in philosophy, anthropology, and psychology, for example, and consider other art forms in order to understand the cultural forces from which modernism arose. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

ENGL 3991 (3.00)
Special Topic in English
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for ENGL 3991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

ENGL 4221 (3.00)
Selected Topics in Pre-1800 Literature
(Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

ENGL 4231 (3.00)
Selected Topics in Post-1800 Literature
(Format: Seminar 3 hours)

ENGL 4701 (3.00)
Selected Topics in American Literature
(Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

ENGL 4801 (3.00)
Selected Topics in Canadian Literature
(Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

ENGL 4921 (3.00)
Selected Topics in Sex, Gender and Literature
(Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

ENGL 4931 (3.00)
Selected Topics in Text and Technology
(Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

ENGL 4941 (3.00)
Selected Topics in Literary Representations of Race, Culture and Nation
(Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

ENGL 4950 (6.00)
Independent Study in English
This course permits senior students, under the direction of faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study. (Format: Independent Study) [Note 1: Permission of the Department/Program Advisor. Students must obtain consent of an instructor who is willing to be a supervisor and must register for the course prior to the last day for change of registration in the term during which the course is being taken. Note 2: A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. Note 3: Students may register for ENGL 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

ENGL 4951 (3.00)
Independent Study in English
This course permits senior students, under the direction of faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study. (Format: Independent Study) [Note 1: Permission of the Department/Program Advisor. Students must obtain consent of an instructor who is willing to be a supervisor and must register for the course prior to the last day for change of registration in the term during which the course is being taken. Note 2: A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. Note 3: Students may register for ENGL 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

ENGL 4990 (6.00)
Honours Thesis
Supervised by members of the Department, candidates for an Honours degree (Thesis Option) must complete an Honours thesis of acceptable scope and quality. The subject of the Honours thesis is to be approved by the Department at the end of the year in which the student will achieve fourth year standing (completion of at least 84 credits). A formal thesis proposal must be submitted to and approved by the Department at the beginning of the subsequent Fall term. The candidate is to be directly responsible to a supervisor and a department committee. (Format: Independent Study/Thesis)

ENGL 4991 (3.00)
Special Topic in English
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for ENGL 4991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

A description of the program leading to the B.F.A. degree is given in Section 12.7 of the Calendar. Studio courses are offered in the following areas: Drawing, Painting, Photography, Printmaking, Sculpture and Open Media.

Students completing a B.A. may earn a Minor or Major in Art History. These programs are outlined under Art History at the beginning of the section. A Minor or Major in Fine Arts which includes a combination of Art History and Studio Art courses may also be completed on a B.A. degree. Students should submit a portfolio of artwork for assessment by February 14, to be considered for a Major or Minor in Fine Arts. The B.F.A. programs are outlined as follows:

The pre-requisite for 2000 level studio courses is the successful completion of the appropriate 1000 level course; i.e. 1101, 1111, 1901, 1911, 1921, 1931. Any first year studio course that is failed will have to be passed by the end of the next academic year in which the student is enrolled.

Studio Courses Open to Non-Fine Arts Students

Six credits chosen from FINA 1101, 1111, 1901, 1911, and FINA 1921, 1931 are open to students from other degree programs, dependent on available space, and by written permission of the Department only.

Preference will be given to students with a major in Art History or Drama.

Students who have no background or previous training in visual art should be advised that these courses are required for the Bachelor of Fine Arts degree program and that standards are set accordingly.

Upper level studio courses will be open to students from other programs on a space available basis, provided that the student has met the prerequisite requirement, or been granted the permission of the Department.

FINA 1101 (3.00)
Fundamentals of Drawing I
This course will introduce the student to drawing as a common language of expression in the visual arts. A variety of drawing media will be used. (Format: Studio)

FINA 1111 (3.00)
Fundamentals of Drawing II
Prereq: FINA 1101; or permission of the Department
This course is a continuation of Fine Arts 1101. It is required of all students enrolled in the B.F.A. program. (Format: Studio)

FINA 1901 (3.00)
Elements of Art I
This course focuses on elements of two dimensional design in black and white and colour. It also surveys theories of composition in the visual arts and provides an introduction to art theory and media. (Format: Studio)

FINA 1911 (3.00)
Elements of Art II
Prereq: FINA 1901; or permission of the Department
This course surveys elements of three dimensional design and composition, alternate media and processes, and non-conventional and lateral thinking in the visual arts. The course is required of all students in the B.F.A. program. (Format: Studio)

FINA 1921 (3.00)
Introduction to Media I
This course is designed to introduce the studio areas of printmaking and photography. It is required of all B.F.A. students. (Format: Studio)

FINA 1931 (3.00)
Introduction to Media II
This course is designed to introduce the studio areas of painting and sculpture. It is required of all B.F.A. students. (Format: Studio)

FINA 1991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Fine Arts
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for FINA 1991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

FINA 2101 (3.00)
Drawing I
Prereq: FINA 1101 and 1111; or permission of the Department
This course emphasizes drawing from the figure and also includes various other projects related to drawing. It is required of all B.F.A. students. (Format: Studio)

FINA 2111 (3.00)
Drawing II
Prereq: FINA 2101; or permission of the Department
This course is a continuation of Drawing I. It is required of all B.F.A. students. (Format: Studio)

FINA 2201 (3.00)
Printmaking I
Prereq: FINA 1921; or permission of the Department
This course introduces intaglio and relief printmaking techniques. (Format: Studio)

FINA 2211 (3.00)
Printmaking II
Prereq: FINA 1921; or permission of the Department
This course introduces lithography printmaking techniques. (Format: Studio)

FINA 2301 (3.00)
Painting I
Prereq: FINA 1931; or permission of the Department
This course uses various media to focus on the fundamentals of basic painting. It explores colour and techniques and emphasizes observational painting, from various subjects including the figure. (Format: Studio)

FINA 2311 (3.00)
Painting II
Prereq: FINA 2301; or permission of the Department
This is an exploration of painting materials and means, pictorial elements, and issues fundamental to expressive painting. Both traditional and contemporary painting will be considered. (Format: Studio)

FINA 2401 (3.00)
Sculpture I
Prereq: FINA 1931; or permission of the Department
This course addresses the basic sculptural practices through a variety of sculptural traditions, including wire, wood, mesh, scavenged or natural materials and clay. (Format: Studio)

FINA 2411 (3.00)
Sculpture II
Prereq: FINA 2401; or permission of the Department
This course is a continuation of FINA 2401 and emphasizes a more experimental approach to sculpture. This course investigates how the shape and form of a structure is imposed by the materials used. (Format: Studio)

FINA 2501 (3.00)
Photography I
Prereq: FINA 1921; or permission of the Department
Fine Arts 2501 is intended to give the fine arts photography student a firm background both aesthetically and technically in the uses of photography as a fine art medium. The following will be covered: conceptualization of the image/technical review, exposing film for optimum results (slide & B&W), processing and proofing, storage and editing, introduction to the fine print portfolio presentation, evaluation criticism, and an historical perspective. Each student is required to own a 35 mm camera with manual metering. (Format: Studio)

FINA 2511 (3.00)
Photography II
Prereq: FINA 2501; or permission of the Department
Fine Arts 2511 addresses itself both aesthetically and technically in small format photography as a component of your development as an artist. This course will deal with notions of the black and white "fine print", social, political and personal issues in the work and portfolio development as well as a number of other studio techniques. Assignments dealing with portraiture, self portraiture, landscape and photo fabrication will allow for personal investigation of a number of given subjects that may or may not contribute to the conceptualization of the final portfolio. (Format: Studio)

FINA 2991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Fine Arts
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for FINA 2991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

FINA 3101 (3.00)
Intermediate Drawing I
Prereq: FINA 2101 and 2111; or permission of the Department
Through completing a variety of projects, students will develop their skills with traditional and non-traditional drawing media, and gain a deeper understanding of the issues and potentials of drawing. Students will explore approaches to representation and abstraction, and work toward developing personal imagery. This course is required of all students in the B.F.A. program. (Format: Studio)

FINA 3111 (3.00)
Intermediate Drawing II
Prereq: FINA 3101; or permission of the Department
This course emphasizes individual direction and style in drawing, using a variety of traditional and non-traditional media. (Format: Studio)

FINA 3201 (3.00)
Intermediate Printmaking I
Prereq: FINA 2201 and 2211; or permission of the Department
(Format: Studio)

FINA 3211 (3.00)
Intermediate Printmaking II
Prereq: FINA 3201; or permission of the Department
Fine Arts 3201 and 3211 survey traditional and non-traditional printmaking for students with a background in printmaking. (Format: Studio)

FINA 3301 (3.00)
Intermediate Painting I
Prereq: FINA 2301 and 2311; or permission of the Department
This course focuses on the study of figurative and non-figurative painting, using various painting methods and mixed media. Consideration will be given to contemporary artists and to the cultural context of painting. (Format: Studio)

FINA 3311 (3.00)
Intermediate Painting II
Prereq: FINA 3301; or permission of the Department
Students will explore uses of various painting and mixed media, and work from figurative and non-figurative sources as they complete projects with diverse formal, thematic or conceptual objectives. (Format: Studio)

FINA 3401 (3.00)
Intermediate Sculpture I
Prereq: FINA 2401 and 2411; or permission of the Department
This course emphasizes contemporary attitudes, theory, and non-traditional approaches to sculpture. It addresses a mixed media approach, installation, and outdoor or environmental art. (Format: Studio)

FINA 3411 (3.00)
Intermediate Sculpture II
Prereq: FINA 3401; or permission of the Department
This course investigates student initiated work, public sculpture proposals, and model making which combines and/or extends approaches from previous courses and which lead into the fourth year tutorial program. (Format: Studio)

FINA 3501 (3.00)
Intermediate Photography I - the View Camera
Prereq: FINA 2501 and 2511; or permission of the Department
This course covers the use of medium and large format cameras in the context of landscape and studio work, through use of colour and black and white materials. (Format: Studio)

FINA 3511 (3.00)
Intermediate Photography II - Colour and Photofabrication
Prereq: FINA 3501; or permission of the Department
A continuation of 3501 with colour printmaking and photo fabrication assignments. Processes covered include RA4 and Ilfochrome colour printmaking, Platinum, Cyanotype, Van Dyke and other alternate printing methods. Further exploration will include advanced view camera and studio technique. (Format: Studio)

FINA 3601 (3.00)
Intermediate Open Media I
Prereq: Completion of at least 4 of the following courses: FINA 2101, 2111, 2201, 2301, 2311, 2401, 2411, 2501, 2511; or permission of the Department
Fine Arts 3601 and 3611 will offer the opportunity to integrate various media with which the student is already familiar. They will also introduce technical skills and a conceptual framework to facilitate this investigation. Performance and installation may be components of the course. Either or both courses may be taken for credit. (Format: Studio)

FINA 3611 (3.00)
Intermediate Open Media II
Prereq: Completion of at least 4 of the following courses: FINA 2101, 2111, 2201, 2301, 2311, 2401, 2411, 2501, 2511; or permission of the Department
(Format: Studio)

FINA 3701 (3.00)
Third Year Seminar in Fine Arts
A seminar course on contemporary art issues in Fine Arts, usually taught in the second term of each year. Students will lead seminar discussions on selected topics and produce research papers. The course is required of all third year B.F.A. students. (Format: Seminar) [Note 1: Open to only B.F.A. students and open to other students on a space available basis with preference given to students in the BA degree program with a Major or Minor in Art History or Fine Arts; or permission of the Department.]

FINA 3991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Fine Arts
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for FINA 3991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

FINA 4701 (3.00)
Advanced Seminar in Fine Arts
Prereq: Open to only B.F.A. students and open to other students on a space available basis with preference given to students in the BA degree program with a Major or Minor in Art History or Fine Arts; or permission of the Department.
An advanced seminar on contemporary art issues in Fine Arts, taught in the first term of each year. Students will lead seminar discussions on selected topics and produce research papers. The course is required of all fourth year B.F.A. students. (Format: Seminar)

FINA 4801 (3.00)
Advanced Studio I
Prereq: Open to fourth-year students in the BFA Degree
Students will take all of these tutorial courses in their final year. Courses are arranged with faculty members on an individual basis. Students in fourth year must have more than one tutor. The courses are designed to meet students needs and may be in a single medium or in various media. (Format: Studio)

FINA 4811 (3.00)
Advanced Studio II
Prereq: Open to fourth-year students in the BFA Degree
Students will take all of these tutorial courses in their final year. Courses are arranged with faculty members on an individual basis. Students in fourth year must have more than one tutor. The courses are designed to meet students needs and may be in a single medium or in various media. (Format: Studio)

FINA 4821 (3.00)
Advanced Studio III
Prereq: Open to fourth-year students in the BFA Degree
Students will take all of these tutorial courses in their final year. Courses are arranged with faculty members on an individual basis. Students in fourth year must have more than one tutor. The courses are designed to meet students needs and may be in a single medium or in various media. (Format: Studio)

FINA 4831 (3.00)
Advanced Studio IV
Prereq: Open to fourth-year students in the BFA Degree
Students will take all of these tutorial courses in their final year. Courses are arranged with faculty members on an individual basis. Students in fourth year must have more than one tutor. The courses are designed to meet students needs and may be in a single medium or in various media. (Format: Studio)

FINA 4950 (6.00)
Independent Study in Fine Arts
This course permits senior students, under the direction of faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study. (Format: Independent Study) [Note 1: Permission of the Department/Program Advisor. Students must obtain consent of an instructor who is willing to be a supervisor and must register for the course prior to the last day for change of registration in the term during which the course is being taken. Note 2: A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. Note 3: Students may register for FINA 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

FINA 4951 (3.00)
Independent Study in Fine Arts
This course permits senior students, under the direction of faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study. (Format: Independent Study) [Note 1: Permission of the Department/Program Advisor. Students must obtain consent of an instructor who is willing to be a supervisor and must register for the course prior to the last day for change of registration in the term during which the course is being taken. Note 2: A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. Note 3: Students may register for FINA 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

FINA 4991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Fine Arts
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for FINA 4991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

FINH 1991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Art History
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for FINH 1991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

FINH 2001 (3.00)
World Art From the First Peoples to the End of the Middle Ages
Exclusion: FINA 2001
This course surveys art and architecture from the Americas, Africa, Asia, and Europe within their historical and cultural context. The course will emphasize how works of art are produced in a variety of media. This introductory course is designed for students with no previous background in the history of art and architecture. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

FINH 2011 (3.00)
World Art From the Renaissance to the Present
Exclusion: FINA 2011
This course surveys art and architecture from the Americas, Africa, Asia, and Europe within their historical and cultural context. The course will emphasize how works of art are produced in a variety of media. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

FINH 2991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Art History
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for FINH 2991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

FINH 3021 (3.00)
Canadian Art From Its Beginnings to the 1960S
Prereq: FINA 2001 and 2011 or FINH 2001 and 2011; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: FINA 3021
This course surveys the history of art in Canada from its beginnings to the 1960s within its historical, social, political, and cultural contexts and considers the ways in which art history and its narratives function. The course covers: the art of Canada's First Nations; topographical and portrait traditions in the Colonial period; landscape painting and the idea of Nationhood; mysticism and nature in Canadian painting; art and democracy; formal experimentation and the urban space in the art of the Inter-War Years; the development of Canadian sculpture; modernism in Canadian painting; Quebec art, politics, and the Church; and the development of abstraction. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

FINH 3031 (3.00)
Canadian Art From the 1960S to the Present
Prereq: FINA 2001 and 2011 or FINH 2001 and 2011; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: FINA 3031
This course considers visual art in Canada from the mid-1960s to the present. It looks at a range of media, including painting, sculpture, photography, video, audio, performance, installation, and Internet art. It investigates current issues in contemporary art practice including cultural identity, the politics of representation, gender and the body, audience, and censorship. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

FINH 3041 (3.00)
Museum Studies
Prereq: Two Art History courses; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: FINA 3041
This course examines the art museum within contemporary society. It considers the history and future shape of the museum, and examines current practice, issues, and debate. Topics covered include: the politics of the museum; its history and discourse; curatorial practice and the development of exhibitions; the museum and its publics; museums and new media; collections; and issues of artistic freedom and censorship. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

FINH 3051 (3.00)
Twentieth Century Art to 1940
Prereq: FINA 2001 and 2011 or FINH 2001 and 2011; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: FINA 3051
This course examines art and architecture in Europe and North America from 1900 to 1940. It covers schools and movements including the Secession, Expressionism, The Fauves, Cubism, Futurism, Constructivism, Abstraction, Dada, Surrealism, and Social Realism, as well as artists working independently of any formal group. The architectural movements covered include Art Nouveau, Bauhaus, De Stijl, Prairie style, and International style. Issues addressed in this course include gender, psychoanalysis, "primitivism," and the politics of colonialism and international warfare. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

FINH 3061 (3.00)
Modern Art From 1940 to 1970
Prereq: FINA 2001 and 2011; or permission of the Department
This course examines art and architecture in Europe and the United States from 1940 to 1970. It considers schools and movements including Abstract Expressionism, CoBrA, Pop Art, Junk Art, Minimalism, Kinetic Art, Op Art, Land Art, Process Art, Conceptual Art, Arte Povera and Performance Art, as well as artists and architects working independently of any formal group. Issues addressed in this course include notions of modernism and the avant-garde, gender, international warfare, post-World War II consumerism, internationalism, and the role of art critics in shaping a "canon" for twentieth-century art. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

FINH 3071 (3.00)
Contemporary Art Since 1970
Prereq: FINA 2001 and 2011 or FINH 2001 and 2011; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: FINA 3071
This course examines contemporary art and architecture since 1970 and focuses on themes including the body and identity. Topics include naturally, and culturally, constructed bodies, gender identity, sexual identities, ethnic bodies, abject bodies, and political and religious identities. This course will include art in a variety of media including the bodies of humans and animals, painting, sculpture, assemblage, installation, photography, printmaking, architecture, textiles, film, video, and performance art. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

FINH 3081 (3.00)
Women, Art and Society
Prereq: FINA 2001 and 2011 or FINH 2001 and 2011; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: FINA 3081
This course offers a history of women in art and society, with examples from the Medieval period through to the practice of women artists in contemporary culture. Drawing on social history, feminism and its implications, and the representation of women in the visual arts, this course will provide a better understanding of the situation of women artists within different social, regional and global contexts. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

FINH 3141 (3.00)
Nineteenth Century Art, Part One
Prereq: FINA 2001 and 2011 or FINH 2001 and 2011; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: FINA 3141
This course examines art and architecture during the first half of the nineteenth century in the United States and Western Europe (particularly Belgium, England, France, Germany and Spain). This course includes art in a variety of media and will pay particular attention to the inventions of lithography and photography during this time. Artistic movements such as Neo-Classicism, Romanticism and Realism will be considered in this course along with artists who worked independently from these movements. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

FINH 3241 (3.00)
Nineteenth Century Art, Part Two
Prereq: FINA 2001 and 2011 or FINH 2001 and 2011; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: FINA 3241
This course examines art and architecture during the second half of the nineteenth century in the United States and Western Europe (particularly Belgium, England, France, Germany and Spain). This course includes art in a variety of media and will pay particular attention to innovations in the production of photographs, etchings, and posters during this time. Artistic movements such as Realism, Impressionism, Post-Impression and Art Nouveau will be considered in this course. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

FINH 3991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Art History
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for FINH 3991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

FINH 4041 (3.00)
Art Criticism and Theory
Prereq: FINA 2001 and 2011 or FINH 2001 and 2011 plus six additional credits in Art History at the 3/4000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: FINA 4041, FINA 4051
A study of art criticism and theory within a selected time frame with emphasis on the writings of critics, artists and philosophers. (Format: Lecture 3 Hour)

FINH 4091 (3.00)
Advanced Seminar in Art History
Prereq: FINA 2001 and 2011 or FINH 2001 and 2011 plus six additional credits in Art History at the 3/4000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: FINA 4091
This course is a research seminar on key issues in nineteenth and twentieth century art, with topics to vary from term to term. Emphasis will be placed on contemporary, theoretical, methodological and critical approaches to the art of the recent past. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

FINH 4950 (6.00)
Independent Study in Arts History
This course permits senior students, under the direction of faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study. (Format: Independent Study) [Note 1: Permission of the Department/Program Advisor. Students must obtain consent of an instructor who is willing to be a supervisor and must register for the course prior to the last day for change of registration in the term during which the course is being taken. Note 2: A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. Note 3: Students may register for FINH 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

FINH 4951 (3.00)
Independent Study in Art History
This course permits senior students, under the direction of faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study. (Format: Independent Study) [Note 1: Permission of the Department/Program Advisor. Students must obtain consent of an instructor who is willing to be a supervisor and must register for the course prior to the last day for change of registration in the term during which the course is being taken. Note 2: A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. Note 3: Students may register for FINH 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

FINH 4991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Art History
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for FINH 4991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

The following courses also count as Art History offerings:

CLAS 3601 (3.00)
THE BIRTH OF GREEK ART
Format: lecture 3 hours

CLAS 3611 (3.00)
THE SPLENDOURS OF CLASSICAL AND HELLENISTIC GREEK ART
Format: lecture 3 hours

CLAS 3701 (3.00)
ETRUSCAN AND EARLY ROMAN ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY
Format: lecture 3 hours

CLAS 3711 (3.00)
THE ART OF IMPERIAL ROME AND ITS EMPIRE
Format: lecture 3 hours

ENGL 3621 (3.00)
READING FILMS
Format: lecture 3 hours, laboratory 2 hours

FREN 2801 (3.00)
LE CINÉMA DU MONDE FRANCOPHONE
Format: lecture 3 hours

GERM 2701 (3.00)
THE NEW GERMAN FILM: HISTORY, THEORY AND PRACTICE
Format: lecture 3 hours, film screening 2.5 hours

HIST 4001 (3.00)
HISTORY THROUGH FILM
Format: Seminar 3 Hours

PHIL 2401 (3.00)
INTRODUCTORY AESTHETICS
Format: Lecture 3 Hours

Note:  The listing of a course in the Calendar is not a guarantee that the course is offered every year.

Note:  Students must obtain a grade of at least C- in all courses used to fulfill prerequisite requirements. Otherwise, written permission of the appropriate Department Head or Program Co-ordinator must be obtained.