Note:  The listing of a course in the Calendar is not a guarantee that the course is offered every year.

Note:  Students must obtain a grade of at least C- in all courses used to fulfill prerequisite requirements. Otherwise, written permission of the appropriate Department Head or Program Co-ordinator must be obtained.

PHYS 1021 (3.00)
Solar System Astronomy
Exclusion: PHYS 1001
This course introduces observational and solar system astronomy. Topics include observational astronomy, celestial mechanics, solar system patterns, theories of origin, radiometric dating, processes which transform planet surfaces, planetary atmospheres, comets, asteroids, meteoroids, and the search for life beyond Earth. It considers extrasolar planetary systems in the context of theories of solar system formation. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1.5 Hours) [Note 1: In addition to daytime lab periods all students will need to be present at a number of night time observing periods at the university observatory.]

PHYS 1031 (3.00)
Stars, Galaxies and the Universe
Exclusion: PHYS 1001
This course introduces stellar and galactic astronomy as well as cosmology. Topics include optics and telescopes, atomic structure and spectra, the sun, stellar types and evolution, stellar remnants (black holes, neutron stars, and white dwarfs), quantum and relativistic ideas, galaxies, and dark matter and energy. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1.5 Hours) [Note 1: In addition to daytime lab periods all students will need to be present at a number of night time observing periods at the university observatory.]

PHYS 1041 (3.00)
Physics for the Life Sciences
Exclusion: PHYS 1051, PHYS 3521
The course introduces and describes from a Physics perspective the many physical processes involving living organisms. The course is algebra-based and covers biomechanics, kinesiology, energy and the body, fluid flow, electrical signaling, electrocardiography and electroencephalography, sound and hearing, light and vision, microscopy, and imaging of brain function.(Format: Integrated Lecture/Collaborative Learning/Laboratory 6 Hours) [Note 1: This course is designed for students planning to major in a life science.]

PHYS 1051 (3.00)
General Physics I
Exclusion: PHYS 1041
This algebra based introductory physics course will cover kinematics, dynamics, work and energy, momentum in one dimension, fluid mechanics, waves and sound, DC circuit electricity, geometrical and physical optics, and an introduction to modern physics. This course provides a basic knowledge of the concepts of physics needed in all sciences. Students enrolling in Physics 1051 should normally have completed a university preparatory level course in Mathematics. (Format: Integrated Lecture/Collaborative Learning/Laboratory, 6 Hours)

PHYS 1401 (3.00)
The Physics of Music and Sound
This course explores various aspects of music production, sound transmission and perception. The topics include simple harmonic motion, waves and sound, standing waves, spectral analysis, human ear and voice, auditorium acoustics, and woodwind, brass, and percussion instruments. It also introduces mathematical analysis. (Format: Integrated Lecture and Laboratory 3 Hours)

PHYS 1551 (3.00)
General Physics II
Prereq: PHYS 1051 or 1041, and MATH 1111; or permission of the Department
This calculus based introductory physics course covers rotational motion, angular momentum, simple harmonic motion, gravitation, electric fields forces and potentials, capacitors, magnetism, electromagnetic induction, AC circuits, introductory thermodynamics, nuclear reactions and additional selected topics in modern physics. (Format: Integrated Lecture/Collaborative Learning/Laboratory, 6 Hours) [Note 1: MATH 1111 may be taken as a Corequisite with permission of the Department]

PHYS 1991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Physics
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for PHYS 1991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

PHYS 2251 (3.00)
Classical Waves
Prereq: PHYS 1551 and MATH 1121; or permission of the Department
In this course the study of free, forced and damped harmonic oscillator is followed by a treatment of discrete coupled oscillators in one dimension. This is then generalized to the study of traveling and standing waves in continuous media. Ideas of Fourier components of signals are introduced. A number of examples will be taken from physical optics, and the topics in this course provide the theoretical basis for understanding modern photonic devices. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

PHYS 2801 (3.00)
Data Acquisition and Analysis
Prereq: PHYS 1051, and MATH 1111; or permission of Department
This experimentally oriented course is designed to give the students an exposure to the techniques and software tools that can assist them in using computers to enhance their work throughout a science curriculum. Basic methodology for data manipulation is introduced (error analysis, statistical analysis of data, linear regression, graphing, Fourier transform techniques), as are aspects of simulation, digitization, interfacing and data acquisition, and presentation. The course will also include sensors and transducers to convert a variety of signals (light, pressure, strain, radioactivity, sound, etc.) into electrical form. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

PHYS 2991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Physics
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for PHYS 2991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

PHYS 3001 (3.00)
Astrophysics
Prereq: PHYS 1001 or PHYS 1031, and PHYS 1551; or permission of the Department
This course examines issues in stellar, galactic and extra-galactic astrophysics. Topics covered include celestial co-ordinate systems, astronomical luminosity relationships, astrophysical instrumentation, stellar spectra, Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams, stellar evolution, protostars, stellar deaths (white dwarfs, neutron stars, stellar black holes), energy processes and transport in stars, stability and variable stars, the structure of our galaxy, galaxy types and evolution, and energetic sources such as quasi-stellar objects. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours) [Note 1: In addition to daytime lab periods all students will need to be present at a number of night time observing periods at the university observatory.]

PHYS 3021 (3.00)
Life in the Universe
Prereq: PHYS 1001 or PHYS 1021, and at least second-year standing; or permission of the Department
This course will examine issues concerning the origin, evolution and survival of life in the universe from an astrophysical perspective. Topics covered include cosmology and the origin and evolution of the universe, solar system origin, detection of extrasolar planets, what is life and what conditions are necessary to sustain it, searches for life in the solar system, habitable zones, complex organics in extraterrestrial materials, delivery of organics to the primordial and current Earth and other planets, astrophysical threats to life on Earth, life in space, and searches for extraterrestrial intelligence. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

PHYS 3101 (3.00)
Electricity and Magnetism
Prereq: PHYS 1551, and PHYS/MATH 3451, MATH 2111 and MATH 2121; or permission of the Department
This course will cover vector analysis, differential and integral calculus as well as solutions of the Poisson and Laplace equations for different electrostatic problems. Certain special techniques such as method of images, separation of variables and multipole expansion are then introduced. Magnetostatics and electric and magnetic fields in matter are also examined leading to the conclusion of this course where Maxwell equations are integrated and applied. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory/Problem Solving 3 Hours)

PHYS 3201 (3.00)
Statistical Mechanics
Prereq: PHYS 3701 and MATH 2111; or permission of the Department
The conditions under which the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, the Bose-Einstein distribution, and the Fermi-Dirac distribution apply are developed. Applications of these distributions to many physical systems are examined in detail. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

PHYS 3321 (3.00)
Analog Electronics and Signal Processing
Prereq: PHYS 1551 and PHYS 2801; or permission of the Department
This is a course in analog electronics and in analog signal processing, and would be valuable both for those planning to go on in technical careers and for scientists who wish to develop tools for the collection and analysis of data. Topics include impedance matching considerations, semiconductor physics, pn junction diodes, AC circuit analysis, passive filter designs, DC power supply construction including regulation, junction and field effect transistors and transistor amplifier circuits, operational amplifiers, active filter designs, signal conditioning circuits such as Schmitt trigger, modulation and demodulation, noise (sources, frequency characteristics, and control measures), integrating sensors and electronics, practical issues in electronics, and an introduction to the photonic transition. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

PHYS 3361 (3.00)
Digital Signal Processing and Electronics
Prereq: COMP 1631 and PHYS 1551; or permission of the Department
This course introduces students to both digital electronic circuits and digital signal processing, and would be valuable both for those planning to go on in technical careers in computer science or in physics, and for scientists who wish to develop tools for the collection and analysis of data. Topics to be covered include digital logic gates, Boolean algebra, counting circuits, digital signal conditioning, sampling considerations such as the Nyquist criterion, analog to digital and digital to analog conversion, Fourier Transform theory and application as FFT, correlation and convolution, digital filtering using finite impulse response and infinite impulse response circuits including the ztransform and filter design, and digital image processing including two dimensional FFT techniques, microprocessors, microcontrollers and digital signal processing integrated circuits. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed with COMP 3361 and may therefore count as three credits in either discipline.]

PHYS 3451 (3.00)
Methods of Mathematical Physics
Prereq: MATH 2111, PHYS 2251
This course provides students with a selection of mathematical skills needed in more advanced physics courses. Frequently utilized mathematical methods in theoretical physics are introduced in close connection to physics applications. The assumptions behind the relevant theorems are mentioned in order to discuss their limitations, however, more rigourous mathematical proofs are not generally covered. Topics include vector and tensor analysis, use of special functions, operators and eigenvalue problems. Fourier analysis, and complex variable techniques in physics. The lab component of the course will use symbolic algebra and numerical software, such as Maple, to solve associated physics problems. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed with MATH 3451 and may therefore count as three credits in either discipline.]

PHYS 3581 (3.00)
Medical Physics
Prereq: PHYS 1551or PHYS 3521; or permission of the Department
This course is intended both for physics students who are considering a career in medical physics or in the field of medicine, and for students in other programs with similar interests. The course considers fundamental concepts of ionizing radiation, diagnostic applications of medical physics, and therapeutic applications of medical physics. Topics in the diagnostic area include x-rays, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, nuclear medicine and ultrasound. Topics in the therapeutic area include radiation generators, absorbed dose calculations, dose measurement, treatment planning, quality assurance and brachytherapy. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

PHYS 3601 (3.00)
Fluid Mechanics
Prereq: MATH 1121 and PHYS 1551; or permission of the Department
The objective of this course is to develop an understanding of fluid properties. Topics include: Fluid properties, static forces in fluids, kinematics and dynamics of flow, Bernoulli's and momentum equations, dimensional analysis and similitude, and flow through pipes. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

PHYS 3701 (3.00)
Thermodynamics
Prereq: PHYS 2801 and MATH 2111; or permission of the Department
The objective of the course is to develop a clear and broad understanding of the First and Second Law of Thermodynamics, with application to a wide range of problems. Topics include: the general energy equation, First Law, Second Law, entropy, limiting-cycle efficiencies, irreversibility and availability, steam power plant, refrigeration and gas engine applications. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

PHYS 3751 (3.00)
Physics of Energy Production and Transfer
Prereq: CHEM 1021, PHYS 1551 and MATH 1121. PHYS 3701 or CHEM 2211 can be taken as Prereq or Coreq; or permimssion of the Department
The goal of this course is to teach aspects of energy harvesting, storage and transmission with particular emphasis on the theory and development of renewable energy resources. The specific technologies considered will vary somewhat according to the interests of the class but will normally include wind power, photovoltaic generation, other forms of solar energy, nuclear fission and fusion energy generation, hydroelectric, combustion based fuel generation, tidal energy and fuel cells. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

PHYS 3811 (3.00)
Modern Physics
Prereq: PHYS 2251; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: Any version of PHYS 3811 previously offered under a different title
This course considers the two major revolutionary ideas of modern physics, quantum mechanics and special relativity. It considers Lorentz transformations, length contraction and time dilation, relativistic mass and momentum, including the fourvector relativistic notation. It also examines evidence for quantization along with early models for atoms and discusses De Broglie's hypothesis for the matter wave. Other topics include the Schrodinger equation and its solutions for some usual systems. The course ends with a look at the three dimensional systems and a discussion of angular momentum in quantum mechanics. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

PHYS 3821 (3.00)
Quantum Mechanics I
Prereq: PHYS 3811 and PHYS/MATH 3451; or permission of the Department
This course is an introduction to formal quantum mechanics: the matrix formulation, harmonic oscillator, perturbation theory, two-state systems, multiparticle systems, and an introduction to the general theory of angular momentum. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

PHYS 3991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Physics
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for PHYS 3991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

PHYS 4101 (3.00)
Electromagnetic Theory
Prereq: PHYS 2251 or MATH 2121; PHYS 3101; or permission of the Department
An advanced treatment of static and time-dependent electric and magnetic fields in materials. Particular attention will be given to wave solutions of Maxwell's equations for spatial dependent media such as wave guides. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

PHYS 4201 (3.00)
Solid State Physics
Prereq: PHYS 2251; or permission of the Department
This course studies the various quantized models used to describe the thermal, electrical, optical and electromagnetic properties of solids. It also analyses conductors, semi-conductors and insulators. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

PHYS 4311 (3.00)
Modern Optics
Prereq: PHYS 2251 and PHYS 2801 and PHYS 3101; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: PHYS 4401
This course provides an advanced treatment of a number of topics in modern optics with particular emphasis on topics of industrial and research importance. A brief treatment of geometric optics will concentrate on the design of optical systems. Topics in physical optics may include dispersion in materials, production and properties of polarized light, interference, diffraction in the Fresnel and Fraunhofer limits, Fourier optics, holography and an introduction to quantum optics. Applications of this theoretical background will be made in such areas as fibre-optic transmission, photonic devices, thin film coatings, and electrochromic devices. There will also be some considerations of electro-optical devices such as lasers, charge coupled device detectors, image intensifiers and photodiodes. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 3 Hours)

PHYS 4411 (3.00)
Classical Mechanics and Relativity
Prereq: PHYS 3811 and PHYS/MATH 3451; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: Any version of PHYS 4411 previously offered under a different title
This course covers three-dimensional dynamics of both particles and rigid bodies using various coordinate systems. The course focuses on an introduction to Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms, followed by application of these approaches to problems in constrained motion. Other topics covered include motion in resistive fluids, planetary orbits, motion in accelerated reference frames and the inertia tensor. The latter part of the course provides an introduction to general relativity including spacetime invariants, metric and metric tensor, the field equations and tests of general relativity. (Format: Integrated Lecture/Laboratory, 6 Hours)

PHYS 4831 (3.00)
Quantum Mechanics II
Prereq: PHYS 3821 and MATH 2221; or permission of the Department
This course extends the study of principles of quantum mechanics developed in Quantum Mechanics I (PHYS 3821), comparing properties of continuous and discrete representations. It also develops time-independent perturbation theory for first order, second order, and degenerate cases and treats small perturbations through direct diagonalization of large matrices. This course examines central force problems, elements of scattering theory, and the addition of quantized angular momenta. The course concludes with aspects of relativistic quantum mechanics, including the Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations, and the evolution of spin from these equations. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

PHYS 4851 (3.00)
Nuclei and Fundamental Particles
Prereq: PHYS 3821; or permission of the Department
This is an introductory course in nuclear theory and particle physics and discusses nuclear energy levels and spectra, scattering experiments, symmetry and conservation principles, quantum electrodynamics, and the weak and strong interactions. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

PHYS 4911 (3.00)
Current Topics in Physics
Prereq: PHYS 3811; or permission of the Department
This course will introduce students to current topics and trends in physics which are not represented in other courses in the curriculum. This will be a seminar format course with sessions led by students, faculty and guest speakers. A key part of the course will be development of skills for identification and critical evaluation of primary literature in physics. (Format: Seminar)

PHYS 4950 (6.00)
Independent Study in Physics
This course permits senior students, under the direction of faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study. (Format: Independent Study) [Note 1: Permission of the Department/Program Advisor. Students must obtain consent of an instructor who is willing to be a supervisor and must register for the course prior to the last day for change of registration in the term during which the course is being taken. Note 2: A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. Note 3: Students may register for PHYS 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

PHYS 4951 (3.00)
Independent Study in Physics
This course permits senior students, under the direction of faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study. (Format: Independent Study) [Note 1: Permission of the Department/Program Advisor. Students must obtain consent of an instructor who is willing to be a supervisor and must register for the course prior to the last day for change of registration in the term during which the course is being taken. Note 2: A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. Note 3: Students may register for PHYS 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

PHYS 4990 (6.00)
Honours Thesis
Normally, a student electing this course is expected to accomplish work equivalent to any fourth year course. Students are encouraged, but not required, to work on the project in the Department during the summer immediately preceding the senior year. The topic often involves experimental work, but must have a theoretical component. (Format: Independent Study/Thesis)

PHYS 4991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Physics
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for PHYS 4991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]