History

History is an ideal instrument of liberal education. It develops analytical and communication skills and also fosters knowledge and understanding of the institutions, ideas, groups, and individuals which have shaped the political, social, and cultural world of humankind. Though historical study encourages critical thinking, it also engenders a sensitive understanding of the past, avoiding what one historian has called "the condescension of posterity" (E. P. Thompson, Making of the English Working Class, 1963 preface). As another historian reminds us, "the past is not some remote and abstract catalogue of names and dates, but the very fabric of individual [and social] identity" (J.C.D. Clark, Our Shadowed Present, introduction).

Though it is impossible to study all significant past peoples, events, and cultures, the Mount Allison History Department offers a rich variety of both subject matter and interpretive approach through individualized programs designed to achieve both coherence and depth. Courses are regularly available at all levels in most major periods of Canadian, American, European, and Asian history. Here one can study the human experience in all its rich diversity: class and gender, wealth and poverty, faith and science, self and social identity, government and politics, and war and peace.

The skills and rigor which the study of history imparts make it excellent preparation for many career paths: teaching, law, public administration, and politics, to name a few. More than this, with its breadth and depth, it contributes to responsible global citizenship in a free and humane world.

BASIC COURSES

The Humanities 1600 series is intended to provide an introduction to Humanities disciplines. These three-credit courses offered by the participating disciplines of Classics, History, Philosophy and Religious Studies are designed to acquaint beginning students with the methodologies typical of these disciplines and to familiarize them with the approaches taken, as well as the sorts of themes pursued and questions raised in these disciplines.

Students will normally take courses in sequential order from first through fourth years. Further information about specific courses, faculty members and special programs is available in the Department of History Handbook. Students should also be familiar with the university requirements for the B.A. degree, outlined in section 11.2 of the academic calendar.

Disciplinary B.A. Programs

MINOR in History is 24 credits earned as follows:

6	from the Humanities 1600 Series
18	from History above the 1600 level, including 6 from the 3/4000 level, chosen in consultation with the Program Advisor

MAJOR in History is 60 credits earned as follows:

6	from the Humanities 1600 Series
12	6 each chosen from two of the following subject areas: Note: The courses in each subject area are paired European History 2001 and 2011; or 2031 and 2041 North American History 2411 and 2421; or 2511 and 2521 Asia Pacific History 2721 and 2731
24	from History at the 2/3/4000 level. At least 18 of these must be at the 3/4000 level
18	from complementary courses in Arts and Letters, Humanities, and Social Sciences, chosen in consultation with the Program Advisor. 6 of these must be from language courses in a single language other than English. Normally students will select from the following courses offered by the Department of Modern Languages and Literatures or the Classics Department: FREN 1001, 1011, 1651, 1701, 1711 (as determined by placement); GERM 1001 and GERM 1011; JAPA 1001 and JAPA 1011; SPAN 1101 and SPAN 1111; GREK 1001 and GREK 1101; or LATI 1001 and LATI 1101. (Students may substitute other language courses according to placement by the Department of Modern Languages and Literatures or the Classics Department or courses in another language taken by transfer approved by the History Department).

HONOURS in History (Thesis Option) is 66 credits earned as follows:

42	from the first three lines of the major, plus:
6	from language courses in a single language other than English. Normally students will select from the following courses offered by the Department of Modern Languages and Literatures or the Classics Department: FREN 1001, 1011, 1651, 1701, 1711 (as determined by placement); GERM 1001 and GERM 1011; JAPA 1001 and JAPA 1011; SPAN 1101 and 1111; GREK 1001 and GREK 1101; or LATI 1001 and LATI 1101. (Students may substitute other language courses according to placement by the Department of Modern Languages and Literatures or the Classics Department or courses in another language taken by transfer approved by the History Department).
6	from HIST 4990
12	from History at the 4000 level, chosen in consultation with the Program Advisor

HONOURS in History (Course Option) is 66 credits earned as follows:

42	from the first three lines of the major, plus:
6	from language courses in a single language other than English. Normally students will select from the following courses offered by the Department of Modern Languages and Literatures or the Classics Department: FREN 1001, 1011, 1651, 1701, 1711 (as determined by placement); GERM 1001 and GERM 1011; JAPA 1001 and JAPA 1011; SPAN 1101 and 1111; GREK 1001 and GREK 1101; or LATI 1001 and LATI 1101. (Students may substitute other language courses according to placement by the Department of Modern Languages and Literatures or the Classics Department or courses in another language taken by transfer approved by the History Department).
18	from History at the 4000 level, chosen in consultation with the Program Advisor

HISTORY COURSES

Note: The listing of a course in the Calendar is not a guarantee that the course is offered every year.

Note: Students must obtain a grade of at least C- in all courses used to fulfill prerequisite requirements. Otherwise, written permission of the appropriate Department Head or Program Co-ordinator must be obtained.

HIST 1601 (3.00)
New Nations In North America
This course will examine the transfer of European ideas, institutions, political and economic structures to North America, and consider the reshaping of these by the North American experience. Particular emphasis will be placed on the transition from the colonial experience to the realization of new states. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 1611 (3.00)
The Expansion of Europe Abroad
This course will focus on the expansion of Europe after the 15th century and the impact of that expansion on both Native peoples and on European civilization. Themes to be considered are the creation of a world economy, racial relations, the rise and fall of European power, the impact of technology, the growth of indigenous nationalism, and the legacy of European expansion. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 1621 (3.00)
Canadian Social History: Home, Work and Play
This course examines people's lives in Canada from 1840 to the present. It combines economic structures and social experiences to document the domestic space of the home and the industrial workplace, as well as public sites of leisure and recreation, and the semi-public spaces of commerce and institutions. (Format: Lecture/Tutorial 3 Hours)

HIST 1631 (3.00)
Greece and Rome: the Foundations of Western Civilization
The political and social history of ancient Greece and Rome will be surveyed with a focus on the themes of Law, Politics, War, and Society. Special attention will be paid to Athens in the fifth and fourth centuries B.C.E. and to Rome under Caesar Augustus. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed as CLAS 1631 and may therefore count as 3 credits in either discipline.]

HIST 1641 (3.00)
Town Life in the Middle Ages
This course treats the development of town life in Europe from the late tenth century through the fifteenth century. Themes will include: social and political experimentation and organization, expansion of commerce and production, religious observance and intellectual life, and female experience of town life. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 1651 (3.00)
Native American History
Exclusion: Any version of HIST 1651 previously offered with a different title
This course will focus on the experience of Native Americans as they come to terms with living in the post-Colombian world. Emphasis will be given to Native American voices as preserved in primary materials. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 1661 (3.00)
France in the Age of Revolution
Exclusion: HIST 3371
This course examines the social, cultural, economic, and political forces that combined to produce the French Revolution. An emphasis will be placed on primary sources in reconstructing revolutionary experience. Themes include: society in the ancien régime, the Enlightenment, revolutionary political experimentation, war, women and revolution, and the Terror. (Format: Lecture/Tutorial 3 Hours)

HIST 1671 (3.00)
Historical Perspectives on Women and Gender in Modern Europe
Exclusion: HIST 3361
This course surveys women's lives in modern Europe from the Enlightenment until the twentieth century creation of the European Union. (Format: Lecture/Tutorial 3 Hours)

HIST 1991 (3.00)
Special Topic in History
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for HIST 1991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

HIST 2001 (3.00)
Western Europe From Late Antiquity to The Mid-Thirteenth Century
Exclusion: Any version of HIST 2000
This course surveys the history of western civilization from c.300 to c.1250. By investigating the changing ways the peoples of western Eurasia organized their political, social, and economic relationships and pursued, and frequently contested, ideals of learning, sacredness, and beauty, it provides an introduction to the methods historians use to construe the past, giving particular attention to the close reading and interpretation of contemporary documents. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 2011 (3.00)
Western Europe From the Mid-Thirteenth To the Mid-Seventeenth Century
Exclusion: Any version of HIST 2000
This course continues HIST 2001, surveying with the same objectives the history of the peoples of western Eurasia during the late middle ages, Renaissance, and Reformation. As with HIST 2001 particular attention is paid to the close reading and interpretation of contemporary documents. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 2021 (3.00)
Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic World
Exclusion: HIST/CLAS 3011
An examination of the career of Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic era that followed his conquest of the eastern Mediterranean. Among the main themes included will be the goals of Alexander, the new political climate of kingship and patronage that he helped create, the interaction of the Greeks with the civilizations of Egypt and the East, and the integration of new cultural ideas into Greek society. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed as CLAS 2021 and may therefore count as 3 credits in either discipline.]

HIST 2031 (3.00)
The History of Early Modern Europe, 1500-1800
Exclusion: HIST 2010, HIST 2500
This course surveys the history of Early Modern Europe between 1500 and 1800. It examines the social, cultural, economic, and political developments from the period of the Reformation to the Napoleonic era. Themes covered include religious conflict, rural life, capital accumulation, the Enlightenment, absolutism, imperial expansion, war, and revolution. There is an emphasis on the study of history through an introduction to the methods, theories, and concepts that historians use to represent and interpret the past. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 2041 (3.00)
Europe in the Nineteenth Century
Exclusion: HIST 2010, HIST 2500
This course provides a comprehensive survey of the 'long nineteenth century' from 1789 to 1914. Themes to be considered include revolution, war, intellectual and artistic developments, national unification, social conflict, and imperial rivalry and expansion. There is an emphasis on thinking about history through an examination of theoretical approaches and the interpretation of primary sources. (Format: Lecture/Tutorial 3 Hours)

HIST 2051 (3.00)
Women in Antiquity
Using written and material evidence, this course will explore the economic, social and political roles of women in the societies of ancient Greece and Rome, as well as the development of the Western idea of the female in antiquity. Secondarily, it will introduce and explore the social theories commonly applied to the study of gender in history. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed as CLAS 2051 and may therefore count as 3 credits in either discipline.]

HIST 2411 (3.00)
Canada to 1871
Exclusion: HIST 2410, 3100, 3250
This course introduces students to the political, socio-economic, and cultural history of Canada from the pre-European period to the first federal census. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 2421 (3.00)
Canada After 1871
Exclusion: HIST 2410, 3100, 3250
This course examines the socio-economic, political, and cultural life of Canada from the time of the first federal census in 1871 to the present. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 2511 (3.00)
The American Experience to 1865
Exclusion: HIST 2510, 3650
This course introduces students to the main events, themes and issues of American history from the colonial period through the Civil War. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 2521 (3.00)
The American Experience After 1865
Prereq: HIST 2511; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 2510, 3650
This course introduces students to the main events, themes and issues of American history from the Civil War to the present. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 2721 (3.00)
Historical Patterns of Human Settlement In Asia
Exclusion: HIST 2700
This survey course in comparative history explores the patterns of human migration throughout the world, concentrating particularly on the relationship between geography and culture. Using Asia as its focus, the course examines how societies grow and decline and how historical identities are constructed from these processes. (Format: Lecture/Tutorial, 3 Hours)

HIST 2731 (3.00)
The Making of Modern Asia
Exclusion: HIST 2700
This survey course focuses on the historical events and processes that led to the formation of modern Asia since the 19th century. Central to this story are the ways in which the peoples of this diverse region have struggled to understand, adapt to, and simultaneously re-define their understanding of what it means to be modern. (Format: Lecture/Tutorial, 3 Hours)

HIST 2991 (3.00)
Special Topic in History
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for HIST 2991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

HIST 3001 (3.00)
Democracy and Imperialism in Classical Greece
Prereq: Second-year standing and three credits from any Classics or History course at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
An examination of archaic and classical Greek history and civilization from the emergence of the polis to the fall of the Athenian empire. Main themes include the development of political institutions, warfare, and gender relations. Emphasis is placed on historical methods and the interpretation of ancient evidence. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed as CLAS 3001 and may therefore count for three credits in either discipline.]

HIST 3021 (3.00)
Conquest and Expansion: the Rise and Fall of the Roman Republic
Prereq: Second-year standing and three credits from any Classics or History course at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
An examination of the development of Rome from a small city-state into the leading power in the Mediterranean. Main themes include the conflict between Rome and Carthage, the conquest of the Hellenistic East, and the political and social changes in Roman society. There will be an emphasis on the analysis and interpretation of primary sources in translation. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed as CLAS 3021 and may therefore count for three credits in either discipline.]

HIST 3031 (3.00)
The Roman Empire: Centre and Periphery
Prereq: Second-year standing and three credits from any Classics or History course at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
An examination of the history of imperial Rome from the age of Augustus to that of Constantine. Main themes include the imperial form of government, the Roman army, urban development and its impact on society, and the conflicts between Romans and other cultures. There will be an emphasis on the analysis and interpretation of primary sources in translation. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed as CLAS 3031 and may therefore count for three credits in either discipline.]

HIST 3051 (3.00)
Health and Medicine in the Ancient World
Prereq: Second-year standing and three credits from any Classics, History or Philosophy course; or permission of the Department
Employing both material and literary evidence, this course surveys the conditions of life and common ailments and treatments of the inhabitants of the Greek and Roman world from ca. 1000 BC.E. to ca. 500 C.E.. It also examines the origins of Western medicine in Greek and Roman science, alongside its alternatives, such as magic. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed as CLAS 3051 and may therefore count as 3 credits in either discipline.]

HIST 3121 (3.00)
Renaissance Europe
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least 6 credits from History at the 1/2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 3110
Set against the political, social and economic history of Europe from the mid-thirteenth through the early sixteenth centuries, this course treats the remarkable cultural flowering that began in the wealthy, politically and socially volatile city-states of northern Italy before spreading to the courts, print-shops, monasteries, and schools of northern Europe. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3141 (3.00)
Early Mediaeval Europe
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least 6 credits from History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 3050, HIST 3141 (Celtic and Germanic Europe to the Age of Charlemagne)
This course treats the history of Europe from the disintegration of Roman imperial authority in the fifth century to the collapse of the Carolingian empire in the course of the ninth and early tenth centuries. Particular attention will be devoted to the establishment of Germanic 'successor' kingdoms, the development of the papacy, missionary activities to Christianize pagan peoples, and the reigns of Charlemagne and his descendants. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3151 (3.00)
Europe in the High Middle Ages
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least 6 credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 3050, HIST 3151 (Europe in the Age of Chivalry)
This course treats the history of Europe from the tenth through the mid-fourteenth centuries. Themes will include: success and failure in the development of national monarchies, the growth of papal authority and prestige, new forms of religious expression and practice, university life and scholarship, and the calamities of the fourteenth century. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3161 (3.00)
The Crusades
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least 6 credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
This course treats the European crusading movement from the eleventh through the fifteenth centuries, examining not only the familiar expeditions to Palestine but also the use of crusades to sanction conquest and colonization along medieval European frontiers in Spain and northeastern Europe and to combat religious and political challenges to papal authority. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3211 (3.00)
Revolution and Stability: Politics and Society in Early Modern Britain 1603-1820
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least 6 credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 3400
This course explores the ideological and socio-economic roots of the seventeenth century constitutional struggles which established the sovereignty of Parliament in Stuart Britain and traces the re-establishment of social and political stability from the Glorious Revolution through the Hanoverian Period. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3221 (3.00)
Modern Britain
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least 6 credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
This course traces the development of those institutions, movements and ideas which are an integral part of the texture of modern Britain, and which have been shaping influences on the direction and pace of social, intellectual, economic and political growth. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3231 (3.00)
Pax Britannica: Britain's Global Hegemony 1815-1918
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least 6 credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
This course examines Britain's rise to world power during the nineteenth century with special reference to foreign policy, naval supremacy, international economic influence and the acquisition of empire, together with its impact on both governors and governed. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3241 (3.00)
Imperial Sunset: Britain's Retreat From World Power 1918 to the Present
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least 6 credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
This course analyses Britain's decline as a world power, its replacement in that role by the United States, its relations with the emerging nation states of the Third World and its uneasy participation in the European Community. Topics to be examined include: interwar development policies for Africa, Indian nationalism, World War II and the decolonization of Asia and Africa, the 'special relationship' with the USA, the evolution of the European Community and continued underdevelopment in the Third World. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3251 (3.00)
Class, Gender, and Capitalism: the Transformation of the British Social Structure 1750-1850
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least 6 credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 3400
This course traces the decline of the aristocracy, the triumph of the middle classes and the making of the working class in Britain during the early stages of capitalism and industrialization. The course also examines gender relations and analyses the notion of 'separate spheres'. Particular attention is paid to the controversies among historians surrounding the nature of social transformation in Britain. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3301 (3.00)
Europe in the Twentieth Century, 1900-1945
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least 6 credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 3390
This course examines the major political, social, cultural and economic developments in Europe from the beginning of the century to the end of World War II. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3311 (3.00)
Europe Since 1945
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least 6 credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 3390
This course examines the major political, social, cultural and economic developments in Europe from the post-war era of reconstruction to the present. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3321 (3.00)
War and Society in Europe From the Late Middle Ages to Napolean (1400-1815)
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least 6 credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 3600, 3380
This course examines the interrelationship between war and society from the late medieval period until the Congress of Vienna, which ended the Napoleonic Wars. The topics of discussion include: the gunpowder revolution, the rise of states, power and the pursuit of wealth, revolution and war, the social effects of warfare, transformations in strategy and tactics, and the changing justifications for war. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3331 (3.00)
War and Society in Europe From Napoleon to Nuremberg (1815-1945)
Prereq: HIST 3321; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 3600, 3380
This course examines the interrelationship between war and society from the Congress of Vienna, which ended the Napoleonic Wars, to the conclusion of the Second World War. Topics to be discussed include: technology and war; the military implications of industrial competition; nationalism, state-building, and warfare; the First World War; and the Second World War and its immediate aftermath. In addition to the social effects of war, the course also examines peacemaking and changing ethical views towards warfare. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3361 (3.00)
Culture and Society in Modern Europe
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least 6 credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 3360
This course examines major themes and issues in Continental European social and cultural history from the seventeenth century to the present. Selection, emphases and time frame may vary from year to year but may include such topics as: identity formation; class and gender; community and nation; family, work and leisure; myth and memory; popular and high culture; the emergence of mass consumer society. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3381 (3.00)
Fascism in Europe 1870-1945
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least 6 credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
This course undertakes a comparative analysis of the origins, theory and nature of fascism in France, Italy and Germany from about 1870 to 1945. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3401 (3.00)
The Atlantic Region
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least 6 credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 3420, 3451, any version of HIST 3401 previously offered with a different title
This course surveys the political, socio-economic, cultural, and environmental history of Canada's Atlantic region from the eighteenth century to the 1990s. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3411 (3.00)
New France
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least 6 credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: Any version of HIST 3411 previously offered with a different title
This course examines the expansion of the French empire in North America with particular emphasis on Aboriginal peoples prior to and following European contact and the socio-economic and cultural life of the French colonies. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3421 (3.00)
Canada From Conquest to Confederation
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least 6 credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 3100
This course examines the socio-economic, intellectual and political-constitutional development of Lower Canada, Upper Canada and the Canadian West from 1760 to the achievement of Confederation in 1867. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3431 (3.00)
Quebec From Confederation to the Sovereignty Movement
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least 6 credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: Any version of HIST 3431 previously offered with a differed title
This course examines the political, religious, economic and cultural development of Quebec since Confederation with particular emphasis on the growth of nationalism and the emergence of the sovereignty movement. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3441 (3.00)
Modern Canada
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least 6 credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
This course traces the development of political movements and ideas which are an integral part of the texture of modern Canada and which have been shaping influences on the direction and pace of social, intellectual, and economic life. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3471 (3.00)
Canadian Women in Historical Perspective
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least 6 credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Drawing upon both historical and theoretical perspectives, this course examines the diverse experiences, conditions and roles of women in Canada from Pre-confederation to present. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3481 (3.00)
Religion in Canada
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least 6 credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
This course surveys the history of religion in Canada from the pre-European period to the 1980s. It focuses on religious traditions which developed or were established early in Canadian history - aboriginal, Christian, and Jewish - but others are also included. The content includes both traditional topics such as influential individuals, writings, and institutions in relation to the state and public life, as well as themes from the newer socio-cultural history of religion. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed as RELG 3481 and may therefore count as 3 credits in either discipline.]

HIST 3491 (3.00)
Immigration in Canadian History
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least 6 credits in History or permission of the Department
This course explores the history of immigration to the lands which became Canada, from the seventeenth to the twentieth centuries, and in the context of world migration history. In addition to gender and class, key themes will include the impact of immigration on host societies, the changing roles of institutions and the state with regard to immigrants and refugees, and the construction of identities based on ethnicity or nationality. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3511 (3.00)
Colonial America
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least 6 credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 3550
This course examines the history of British North America from the early Contact period to the end of the American Revolution and the Loyalist migrations. It focuses on the mainland colonies, but with attention to the wider context of the Atlantic world. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3521 (3.00)
The American Social and Cultural Experience
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least 6 credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 3520
This course explores American social and cultural development. Themes may include immigration, slavery, race relations, abolitionism, the roots of modern American feminism, assimilation and the emergence of a common American culture. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3531 (3.00)
American Women's History
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least 6 credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
This course will explore theoretical approaches to women's history through an examination of the role and experience of women in the United States from the Revolution to the present. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3561 (3.00)
United States Foreign Relations
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least 6 credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST/POLS 3560
This course surveys American diplomacy and foreign relations from colonial times through the twentieth century. Throughout, attention is paid to American domestic policies and the role of public opinion in determining foreign policy. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3611 (3.00)
Christianity in Roman Empire
Prereq: Three credits from any RELG 1600 course and three credits from RELG 2801 or 2821 or 3601; or third or fourth year History Major; or permission of the Department
This course examines the crucial, defining crises of the ancient Christian communities in the social, political, and cultural context of Late Antiquity (roughly, 2nd to 6th centuries CE/AD). It analyzes early Christianity as a social movement, as a religious movement with a developing belief system, and as an historical phenomenon embedded within historical events and processes. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed as RELG 3611 and may therefore count as three credits in either discipline.]

HIST 3621 (3.00)
Christianity in Christendom
Prereq: RELG 3601 or 3611 or third or fourth year History Major; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST/RELG 3620
A consideration of Christianity at the height of its political power in the middle ages. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed as RELG 3621 and may therefore count as three credits in either discipline.]

HIST 3631 (3.00)
The Fracturing of Christendom: the Reformation Era
Prereq: At least six credits in History or Religious Studies at the 1/2000 level, including at least three credits from among HIST 2001, HIST 2011, HIST 2031, RELG 2801, RELG 2821, RELG 2831 and RELG 2841; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 3131
This course treats the history of Christianity during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, and era when the unity of mediaeval western Christendom was driven by series of reformations; Protestant, Radical, and Catholic. It investigates the ecclesiastical, intellectual, political, and social circumstances and consequences of dramatic religious change.(Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is cross-listed as RELG 3631 and may therefore count as three credits in either discipline.]

HIST 3710 (6.00)
China Since 1949
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least 6 credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department or as for RELG 3641
This course will deal with the contemporary history of China, focusing on six topics: the role of ideology; foreign policy goals and practicalities; intellectuals and student activists; religion, the rural-urban continum; and economic changes since 1949. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3721 (3.00)
The Confucian World
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least 6 credits in History including HIST 2721 or 2731; or permission of the Department
This course examines the Various schools of Confucianism that have dominated the philosophy, social relations, and political economy of China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam for thousands of years. It analyzes these relationships from the 12th century emergence of Neo-Confucianism until the collapse of the Qing dynasty 700 years later. It pays particular attention to the Confucian legacy in the modern, industrialized states of East Asia. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3741 (3.00)
Classical and Early Modern China
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least 6 credits in History at the 1000 or 2000 level; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 2711
This course examines the major social, cultural, economic and intellectual trends of dynastic China from Tang to early Qing (700-1800). Attention will also be given to the "Middle Kingdom" world view and China's position in global trade and diplomatic networks prior to European expansion. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3761 (3.00)
The Making of Modern East Asia
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least 6 credits in History including HIST 2721 or 2731; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST/POLS 3731, HIST 3751
The transformation of the modern world is in large measure the story of the growth and development of East Asia. Focusing on Japan and China, this course examines the history of this region since the nineteenth century, paying particular attention to how people wrestled with the radical changes wrought by their increasing interaction with the Euro-American world. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3801 (3.00)
Birth to Death: Life Course and Family History
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least six credits in History; or permission of the Department
This course explores the cultural and demographic history of individuals, families, and stages of the life course, from infancy to the experience of death and dying. Life course and family history thus overlaps with gender history, the history of medicine, and legal history and includes topics such as sexuality and sexual orientation, education, or old age. The focus is on North America from the seventeenth to the twentieth centuries, but the course also draws comparisons to Western European patterns, and is situated in the context of world population history. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3811 (3.00)
Canadian Working-Class and Labour History
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least six credits in History; or permission of the Department
This course focuses on selected readings on the History of the Canadian Left since 1871, in terms of everyday working-class resistance, through labour organizations, and in political parties. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

HIST 3901 (3.00)
Historical Research and Writing Methods
Prereq: Second-year standing and at least six credits in History; or permission of the Department
This course focuses on the essential methods of historical research and writing. (Format: Lectures/Tutorial 3 Hours)

HIST 3991 (3.00)
Special Topic in History
Prereq: Second year standing and at least 6 credits from History at the 1000 or 2000 levels; or permission of the Department
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for HIST 3991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

HIST 4001 (3.00)
History Through Film
This course is a thematic study of topics in modern history through the medium of film, both feature and documentary. These films will be critically read both as an art form and as historical documents. While specific course content will vary according to the instructor, particular emphasis will be placed on what films tell us about the particular historical context in which they are created. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours) [Note 1: Permission of the instructor (normally third-year standing, and at least 12 credits in History at the 2/3000 level are required)] [Note 2: This course may count as 3 credits in Art History.]

HIST 4101 (3.00)
Advanced Topics in Early Mediaeval History
Prereq: Third-year standing , HIST 3141, and at least three credits from HIST 3121, 3151, 3161, 3621, 3631; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 4110
This course examines European history, ca. 300 to ca. 1100. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

HIST 4111 (3.00)
Advanced Topics in Late Mediaeval History
Prereq: Third-year standing, HIST 3151, and at least three credits from HIST 3121, 3141, 3161, 3621, 3631; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 4110
This course examines European history, ca. 1100 to ca. 1500. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

HIST 4221 (3.00)
Advanced Topics in Renaissance History
Prereq: Third-year standing, HIST 3121 and at least six credits from HIST, 3141, 3151, 3161, 3621, 3631; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 4220
This course is a seminar in Renaissance history. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

HIST 4231 (3.00)
Advanced Topics in Reformation History
Prereq: Third-year standing, at least six credits from HIST 3121, 3141, 3151, 3161, 3621, 3631; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 4220
This course is a seminar in Reformation history. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

HIST 4250 (6.00)
Britain and Europe in the Twentieth Century
Prereq: Third-year standing and at least six credits from among HIST 3211, 3221, 3231, 3241, 3251, POLS 3400; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 4600
Seminar in twentieth century British and European history. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

HIST 4260 (6.00)
The Liberal Idea in Western History
Prereq: Third-year standing and at least six credits from among HIST 3110, 3210, 3211, 3221, 3251, 3361, 3371, 3381, POLS 3001, 3011; or permission of the Department
This senior seminar analyses the development of Western liberalism, the controversies it has created and the changes it has undergone during several historical periods. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

HIST 4300 (6.00)
The Birth of the Modern Age
Prereq: Third-year standing and at least six credits from among HIST 3301, 3311, 3361, 3371, 3381; or permission of the Department
This senior seminar explores some of the profound social, cultural, political and economic changes that transformed European life during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Topics will vary from year to year. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

HIST 4401 (3.00)
Canada and the Pacific Rim
Prereq: Third-year standing and at least six credits from among HIST 3441, 3461, 3491, 3710, 3731, 3741, 3751, 3801, 3811, GENV 3321; or permission of the Department
This senior seminar explores the relationship between Canada and the countries and peoples of the Pacific Rim. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

HIST 4420 (6.00)
The Atlantic Provinces
Prereq: Third-year standing and at least six credits from among HIST 2411, 2421, 3401, 3411, 3431, 3441, 3481, 3491, 3511, 3801, 3811; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 4100
This seminar considers key topics or themes in the history of Atlantic Canada from the pre-Contact period to the late twentieth century. Students also explore the concepts, methods, and sources used in this history, and how these and changing philosophies or theories of history have influenced the way scholars and others have researched and written about the past. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

HIST 4440 (6.00)
Advanced Topics in Modern Canada
Prereq: Third-year standing and at least six credits from among HIST 2411, 2421, 3441, 3491, 3801, 3811, CANA 3301, 3400; or permission of the Department
This course is a seminar in nineteenth and twentieth-century Canada, focussing on a particular topic or theme. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

HIST 4450 (6.00)
Canadian Courts and the Constitution
Prereq: Third-year standing and at least six credits from among HIST 3401, 3431, 3441, 3451, POLS 2101, 3111; or permission of the Department
This senior seminar examines the Canadian courts and the private and public factors that are taken into consideration in the determination of constitutional change and legal rights and responsibilities. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

HIST 4461 (3.00)
Advanced Seminar on Modern Canadian Women's History
Prereq: Third-year standing with at least six credits from any History or Canadian Studies 3000 level courses; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 4951 Canadian Women's History
This course focuses on Canadian women's activism in social and political movements - from suffrage in the late nineteenth century until the second-wave of feminist protest in the 1960's. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

HIST 4500 (6.00)
Advanced Seminar in Selected Topics in Modern American History
Prereq: Third-year standing and at least six credits from among HIST 2511, 2521 (or 2510), 3511, 3521; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: HIST 4800
A seminar in selected topics in modern American History. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

HIST 4510 (6.00)
The American West
Prereq: Third-year standing and at least six credits from among HIST 2511, 2521 (or 2510), 3501, 3511, 3521, 3531 and 3561; or permission of the Department
This course examines the history of the American West during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It juxtaposes the real West to the mythic West and emphasizes the importance of each in American society and culture. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

HIST 4571 (3.00)
History of the Modern American Women's Movement
Prereq: Third-year standing and three credits from HIST 3531; or permission of the Department
This course will focus on the history of the modern American women's movement, beginning with a brief examination of the history of feminism in the pre-World War II United States and continuing through to an examination of responses and backlashes to the women's movement. Emphasis will be given to the revolutionary character of that movement and the experience of American women as influenced by the movement. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

HIST 4701 (3.00)
Asia in War and Revolution
Prereq: Third-year standing and at least 9 credits in History at the 3000 level; or permission of the Department
This seminar examines the impact of war and revolution on the cultures, economies, and systems of governance in modern Asia. Particular attention is also paid to the relationship between war and remembrance and the ways in which memories of war have been constructed and mobilized for political and ideological purposes. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

HIST 4901 (3.00)
Historical Perspectives and Archival Research Methods
Prereq: Third or fourth-year standing and at least 6 credits in History at the 3000 level; or permission of the Department
Drawing upon appropriate historical perspectives, this course focuses on the development of a research project using archival research methods and training in historical methodologies. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

HIST 4911 (3.00)
Writing History
Prereq: Third-year standing and at least 9 credits in History at the 3000 level; or permission of the Department
This seminar provides students the opportunity to critically engage the major works of history throughout the ages from a comparative and interdisciplinary perspective. In addition to examining the ideas and theories that have animated the writing of history, students will also evaluate the importance and relevance of history to our contemporary world, its relationship to the past, and its utility as a guide to present and future action. Content varies depending on the instructor. (Format: Seminar 3 Hours)

HIST 4950 (6.00)
Independent Study in History
This course permits senior students, under the direction of faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study. (Format: Independent Study) [Note 1: Permission of the Department/Program Advisor. Students must obtain consent of an instructor who is willing to be a supervisor and must register for the course prior to the last day for change of registration in the term during which the course is being taken. Note 2: A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. Note 3: Students may register for HIST 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

HIST 4951 (3.00)
Independent Study in History
This course permits senior students, under the direction of faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study. (Format: Independent Study) [Note 1: Permission of the Department/Program Advisor. Students must obtain consent of an instructor who is willing to be a supervisor and must register for the course prior to the last day for change of registration in the term during which the course is being taken. Note 2: A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. Note 3: Students may register for HIST 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

HIST 4990 (6.00)
Honours Thesis
Independent research and study under direction of a member of the department; for students in History Honours program. (Format: Independent Study/Thesis) [Note 1: Consent of supervising staff member prior to registration and permission of the Program Advisor is required.]

HIST 4991 (3.00)
Special Topic in History
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for HIST 4991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]