Modern Languages and Literatures

Courses offered by the Department of Modern Languages and Literatures include French, German, Spanish, Japanese and Linguistics. Linguistics, and most culture courses are offered in English. Students can also benefit from our study-abroad programs in France, Germany, Spain and Japan. The courses offered in each of these disciplines, as well as the Majors, Minors and Honours programs available, are outlined under each discipline heading. An interdisciplinary Major and Honours in Modern Languages, Literatures and Cultures are also offered, as outlined in this section.

Students who plan to specialize in one or more languages by electing a Minor, Major, or Honours program should declare their specialization to the Registrar's Office by the end of their first year of University studies. They should also visit the program advisor in the Department of Modern Languages and Literatures before registering for second year, since most programs require the advisor's approval of optional courses.

PLACEMENT

Beginning language courses (GERM 1001, SPAN 1101, and JAPA 1001) are designed for students who either have never studied the language previously or have had minimal experience with the language. All students with high school, post-secondary, or non-academic exposure to these languages must consult with the program advisor for that language about placement and may be asked to write a diagnostic placement test if the level of competence in the language cannot be readily established. The results of the consultation and testing will be used to place the students in the proper course level.

Placement of students in their first French course will be decided on the basis of a French Language Skills Assessment given by the Department. All students who have not studied French at Mount Allison previously must complete this assessment before registering for a course in French. The Skills Assessment is available on-line through the Department of Modern Languages and Literatures web site. Alternatively, a paper copy may be obtained by mail or fax from the Secretary of the Department of Modern Languages and Literatures. Students completing Majors, Minors, or Honours programs in French should be aware that any exemptions from 1/2000 level courses obtained through the placement process must be replaced on their programs by credits in French at the 3000-4000 levels.

For all language courses offered in the Department, if within the first seven class hours it becomes apparent that the initial placement was inappropriate, the student or the instructor may request a meeting with the Department Head to discuss the appropriateness of the student moving to a higher or lower level.

Note: No student can receive credit for a language course which is a prerequisite for a course for which they have already received credit by placement or by previous course work.

FRENCH STUDIES

Mount Allison offers an extensive French Studies program, within the Department of Modern Languages and Literatures, with a variety of language, literature and culture courses which increase the students' awareness of the French and French-Canadian identities while developing their ability to function in the second language. To this end, all language and literature courses are taught in French.

The courses at the first and second year levels provide the opportunity to establish a sound foundation in oral and written French. The study of grammar at these levels is reinforced by practice in the language laboratory or tutorial groups. Several of the courses at the 3000 and 4000 levels are specifically intended to refine the students' command of spoken and written French, while the other courses deal with the various areas of French and French-Canadian literatures and cultures as well as the theories of literary criticism. A series of prizes are awarded each year to students who distinguish themselves in French Studies.

The Department sponsors other programs and activities which support and enrich the course program:

Le Cercle français
Guest speakers
Tintamarre, a bilingual theatrical troupe
La Maison française (a French-language residence)
Study Abroad Program at Université de Strasbourg, France
Certificate of Bilingualism (see Section H under Degrees and Certificates)

Language of Instruction and Assignments

Most courses in the French curriculum are generally delivered in French alone, and all assignments, both oral and written, are to be completed in French. FREN 2801 (Cinéma du monde francophone), however, offers students the option of completing written work in English. The following culture courses are delivered in English alone: FREN 1801, FREN 1811, FREN 2841.

Minimum standard in French for certain courses

While there is no course prerequisite for FREN 2801, there is a minimum standard of competency in French required for admission to the course. Anyone wishing to register in FREN 2801 must complete a French Skills Assessment at (see previous section on Placement) and demonstrate a knowledge of French equivalent to completion of FREN 1711 (placement in FREN 2401). In the case of FREN 3841 permission of the Department in lieu of the normal prerequisite (FREN 2601) will be granted only to advanced students in other disciplines who demonstrate a knowledge of French equivalent to completion of FREN 2501, i.e. placement in a 3000 or 4000 language class.

Disciplinary B.A. Programs

Important note for advanced students: anyone who has completed French 2401 or who has been placed in FREN 2501 is encouraged to enrol in FREN 2501 and 2601 concurrently.

MINOR in French is 24 credits earned as follows:

0 to 6	FREN 1701, 1711, if required by placement
9	FREN 2401, 2501, 2601
3	FREN 3101
6 to 12	from French courses at the 3/4000 level

Note: FREN 2801 may only be included in the requirements for a minor if FREN 1701 and FREN 1711 are not required by placement. If an exemption is granted from any of the language courses, replacement credits must be obtained in other French courses at the 3/4000 level.

MAJOR in French is 60 credits earned as follows:

9	from FREN 2401, 2501, 2601
3	from FREN 1801, 1811, 2801 or 2841
12	from FREN 3101, 3111, 3131, 4001, 4011
3	from FREN 3301, 3401, 3411
3	from FREN 3501, 3511, 3601, 3611, 3621
3	from FREN 3721, 3731, 3741
3	from FREN 3801, 3811, 3821, 3841, 3851, 3861
6	from French literature at the 3000/4000 levels not already chosen
18	from complementary courses in French; Modern Languages, Literatures or Cultures; Linguistics; Arts & Letters and/or Humanities, including FREN 1701 and 1711, if required by placement, FREN 1801, 1811, 2801 and 2841; HIST 1661 is especially recommended

Note: All complementary courses from disciplines outside the Department of Modern Languages and Literatures (with the exception of HIST 1661) must be chosen in consultation with the Program Advisor prior to enrolment in them.

HONOURS in French (Thesis Option) is 69 credits earned as follows:

6	from FREN 1801, 1811, 2801, 2841
9	FREN 2401, 2501, 2601
15	from FREN 3101, 3111, 3131, 4001, 4011
6	from FREN 3301, 3401 or 3411
3	from FREN 3501 or 3511
3	from FREN 3601 or 3611 or 3621
3	from FREN 3721, 3731, 3741
3	FREN 3801
3	from FREN 3811, 3821, 3841, 3851, 3861
6	from French literature at the 3000/4000 levels not already chosen
6	FREN 4990 (Mémoire)
6	from French at the 3/4000 level and Linguistics, chosen in consultation with the Program Advisor

HONOURS in French (Course Option) is 69 credits earned as follows:

51	credits as in the first 9 lines of the Honours degree (Thesis Option)
12	additional credits from French literature at the 3000/4000 levels
6	from French at the 3/4000 level and Linguistics, chosen in consultation with the Program Advisor

Note: An interdisciplinary Major and Honours in Modern Languages, Literatures and Cultures (French, German, Spanish and Japanese), are also available.

FRENCH COURSES

Note: The listing of a course in the Calendar is not a guarantee that the course is offered every year.

Note: Students must obtain a grade of at least C- in all courses used to fulfill prerequisite requirements. Otherwise, written permission of the appropriate Department Head or Program Co-ordinator must be obtained.

FREN 1001 (3.00)
Elementary French I
Exclusion: FREN 1100, 2100
This course is intended for students with little or no background in French. Its objective is to help students develop some proficiency in each of the four skill areas: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. It will take a traditional approach with an emphasis on elementary grammar, forms of words and systematic vocabulary building. Each class will make use of the grammar studied to practice all four skill groups through individual and group activities. (Format: Lecture/Workshop 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is offered in the Spring/Summer term only. It is not available in the day sessions during the Fall and Winter terms.]

FREN 1011 (3.00)
Elementary French II
Prereq: FREN 1001
Exclusion: FREN 1100, 2100
This course is a continuation of FREN 1001 and will use the same methods and approach; it will focus on building more familiarity with the grammar, forms and syntax of basic French. (Format: Lecture/Workshop, 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is offered in the Spring/Summer term only. It is not available in the day sessions during the Fall and Winter terms.]

FREN 1651 (3.00)
Preparatory French / Français Préparatoire
Exclusion: FREN 1600
This one-term French grammar course - designed for non-francophones who did not complete High School French - is an intensive review of basic grammatical structures with a particular emphasis on verb conjugation, pronouns, adjectives and syntax. Three class periods per week plus a fourth hour to be arranged after classes have begun. Instruction will be in French. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour) [Note 1: Placement by the Department is required. A minimum standard of achievement on the French Skills Assessment is required. Note 2: Students completing FREN 1651 may continue into FREN 1701.]

FREN 1701 (3.00)
Intermediate French I / Français Intermédiaire I
Prereq: FREN 1651 or placement by the Department
Exclusion: FREN 1700
This course is an intensive approach to the development of communication skills through the integration of grammar study, writing practice, and oral exercises. Analysis and discussion of readings reinforce the study of written and oral language. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour)

FREN 1711 (3.00)
Intermediate French II / Français Intermédiaire II
Prereq: FREN 1701 or placement by the Department
Exclusion: FREN 1700
The continuation of French 1701, this course pursues the development of communication skills through the integration of grammar study, writing practice, and oral exercises. Analysis and discussion of readings reinforce the study of written and oral language. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour)

FREN 1801 (3.00)
Paris, City of Light
This course is designed to introduce students, through a series of literary and cultural snapshots, to elements which define the essence of Paris. Using multimedia presentations of the Parisian cultural landscape and a broadly interdisciplinary perspective, lectures explore the development of a vibrant and unique urban centre which has always been a magnet for creative minds and cultural fervour. Drawings, engravings, paintings, maps, texts, songs and film will be used to investigate what is perceived as the singularity, timelessness and seductive appeal of Paris. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: Language of instruction is English.]

FREN 1811 (3.00)
Cultural Aspects of Modern Quebec
Consideration of some of the issues and debates that help us to understand modern and contemporary Quebec, its history, society and culture, its specificity and its diversity, its changing nature and its place in the modern world. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: Language of instruction is English.]

FREN 1991 (3.00)
Special Topic in French
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for FREN 1991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

FREN 2401 (3.00)
Reading and Writing French I / Langue Et Lectures I
Prereq: FREN 1700 or FREN 1711; or placement by the Department
Exclusion: Any version of FREN 2401 previously offered with a different title
This course requires that students already have a good command of the fundamental aspects of French in both its spoken and written forms. Its objectives are: to improve expression through the study and practice of appropriate sentence structures, such as sequence of past tenses, pronouns as complements, relative clauses, subordinate constructions requiring the subjunctive; to improve reading and analytical skills by examining and discussing texts that raise important and controversial issues; to practice oral expression. Three class periods per week, plus a fourth hour to be arranged after classes have begun. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour)

FREN 2501 (3.00)
Reading and Writing French II / Langue Et Lectures II
Prereq: FREN 2401; or placement by the Department
Exclusion: Any version of FREN 2501 previously offered with a different title
This course is the continuation of FREN 2401. Its objectives are to further develop reading strategies, to build vocabulary, to continue to improve the formulation of complex sentences by using a variety of co-ordinating/subordinating conjunctions. It also provides practice in writing longer compositions with emphasis on compositional techniques such as outline, structure, and transitions. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Tutorial 1 Hour) [Note 1: Students planning to minor or major in French are encouraged to take FREN 2501 and FREN 2601 concurrently. When FREN 2501 and 2601 are taken concurrently, a C- in both courses is required for entry into 3000-level French literature and culture courses.]

FREN 2601 (3.00)
Fundamentals of Literary Analysis / Initiation À L'analyse Littéraire
Prereq or coreq: FREN 2501; or permission of the Department
This course continues the studies begun in French 2401 and FREN 2501 by further developing skills in reading and interpretation of literary and cultural texts. It provides an introduction to textual analysis through selected critical approaches. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: Students planning to minor or major in French are encouraged to take FREN 2501 and FREN 2601 concurrently. When FREN 2501 and 2601 are taken concurrently, a C- in both courses is required for entry into 3000-level French literature and culture courses.]

FREN 2801 (3.00)
Film From the French and Francophone World / Cinéma Du Monde Francophone
Exclusion: FREN 2201
A study of films and film makers of the French-speaking world, ranging from screen adaptations of literary works to an exploration of cultural issues, and an introduction to film theory and aesthetics. This course is taught in French. Written work may be submitted in English. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course may count as 3 credits in Art History.]

FREN 2841 (3.00)
Cultural Aspects of Contemporary France
Exclusion: FREN 2851, any version of FREN 2841 previously offered with a different title
Consideration of some of the issues and debates that help us to understand French culture, its diversity, its changing nature and its place in the modern world. Although some attention is paid to French politics and society, the primary goal of the course is to explore the multitude of voices that both define and divide modern France. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: Language of instruction is English.]

FREN 2991 (3.00)
Special Topic in French
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for FREN 2991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

FREN 3101 (3.00)
Advanced Written French I / Le Français Écrit Avancé I
Prereq: FREN 2501; or permission of the Department
Intensive review of French grammar with particular attention to features of special difficulty for anglophones. Practice in both grammatical structures and idiomatic usage. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

FREN 3111 (3.00)
Advanced Written French II / Le Français Écrit Avancé II
Prereq: FREN 3101; or permission of the Department
Writing practice and composition; the idiomatic use of French in a variety of contexts: informal prose, expository writing, technical language, literary language. Vocabulary and style exercises. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

FREN 3131 (3.00)
Advanced Oral French / Français Oral Avancé
Prereq: FREN 2501; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: FREN 3151, 3161
This course is designed for students at the advanced level who aim to speak French with enhanced clarity, spontaneity and colour. It offers a systematic study of phonological and prosodic features of French. By exposing students to a variety of authentic audio-visual documents from Francophone parts of the world, the course targets acquisition of vocabulary, improvement of aural comprehension and the development of communicative strategies through a variety of situations such as conversations, debates, interviews, and presentations. (Format: Lecture/Workshop 3 Hours) [Note 1: This course is open to students studying French as a second language.]

FREN 3301 (3.00)
The Age of Louis Xiv / L'époque de Louis Xiv
Prereq: FREN 2501 and FREN 2601; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: FREN 3321, FREN 3371
Selected works from great writers of the seventeenth century representative of different genre; theatre, poetry, fables, novels or other types of prose texts. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

FREN 3401 (3.00)
The Age of Enlightenment / Le Siècle Des Lumières
Prereq: FREN 2501 and FREN 2601; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: FREN 3421, any version of FREN 3401 previously offered with a different title
The eighteenth century in France was a period of intense and stimulating intellectual turmoil, part of the European phenomenon known as the Enlightenment - a revolution in moral, political, and religious ideas. Through a study of canonical and non canonical texts of the period, this course aims to sensitize students to the interests and preoccupations of a society trying to redefine itself in the background of significant cultural, intellectual and social developments. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

FREN 3411 (3.00)
The French Revolution, Before and After / la Révolution Française, Avant Et Après
Prereq: FREN 2501 and FREN 2601; or permission of the Department
The French Revolution is the pivotal event of European history in the eighteenth century which led to the radical transformation of social values and political systems. The event left a permanent mark on the cultural imagination and collective memory of the Old and New Worlds. The aim of this course is to explore the ways in which the French Revolution transformed culture and society through a study of key texts that are essentially of a literary or journalistic nature. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

FREN 3501 (3.00)
The Age of Romanticism / L'époque Du Romantisme
Prereq: FREN 2501 and FREN 2601; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: Any version of FREN 3501 previously offered with a different title
Study of French literary and cultural texts representative of the first part of the nineteenth century. The widespread influence of the Romantic movement will be examined by exploring its expression in a variety of textual forms selected from poetry, theatre, tales, historical essays, letters, speeches and novels. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

FREN 3511 (3.00)
The Age of Naturalism / L'époque Du Naturalisme
Prereq: FREN 2501 and FREN 2601; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: FREN 3521
Study of French literacy and cultural texts representative of the last part of the nineteenth century. The influence of movements like Realism, Naturalism, Symbolism and Decadentism will be examined through a variety of textual forms selected from poetry, short stories, literary essays, letters, novels and theatre. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

FREN 3601 (3.00)
Modernism and Surrealism / Modernisme Et Surréalisme
Prereq: FREN 2501 and FREN 2601; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: Any version of FREN 3601 previously offered with a different title
This course is a study of literary movements and cultural forms in France through representative works from the beginning of the twentieth century until World War II. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

FREN 3611 (3.00)
Existentialism and After / Existentialisme Et Après
Prereq: FREN 2501 and FREN 2601; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: Any version of FREN 3611 previously offered with a different title
From existentialist realism to the 'nouveau roman' to the post-modern, a study of literary movements and cultural forms in France through representative works from the post-war period. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

FREN 3621 (3.00)
New Writing, New Voices / Nouvelles Écritures, Voix Nouvelles
Prereq: FREN 2501 and FREN 2601; or permission of the Department
Study of contemporary literary and cultural production in French (outside Canada) with a focus on new and emerging writers. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

FREN 3721 (3.00)
Québec Literature From the Habitant to The Quiet Revolution / Littérature Québécoise de L'habitant À la Révolution Tranquille
Prereq: FREN 2501 and FREN 2601; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: FREN 3711, 3771
This course studies the main currents in French Canadian and Québécois literature (fiction, theatre, and poetry) from the nineteenth century to the 1970s. It places special emphasis on the literary changes which occur during the Quiet Revolution. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

FREN 3731 (3.00)
Contemporary Voices in Québécois Literature / Voix Contemporaines Dans la Littérature Québécoise
Prereq: FREN 2501 and FREN 2601; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: FREN 3711, 3771
This course examines the main currents in Québécois literature (fiction, theatre, and poetry) from the 1970s into the twenty-first century. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

FREN 3741 (3.00)
Acadie: Past and Present / L'acadie: de L'empremier À Nos Jours
Prereq: FREN 2501 and FREN 2601; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: FREN 3831
This course offers a survey of Acadie, its history, culture and language, and especially of its literature. Of central importance will be the study of Acadian identity, as defined by the often contradictory concepts of tradition, assimilation, resistance and marginalisation. Materials will include literary and non-literary texts, music, film, and electronic resources. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

FREN 3801 (3.00)
French Literary Criticism / Critique Littéraire Française
Prereq: FREN 2501 and FREN 2601; or permission of the Department
An introduction to the principal methods of modern and contemporary French literary criticism. The course includes representative approaches from among structuralism, semiotics, psychoanalysis, speech-act theory, feminism, and deconstruction. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

FREN 3811 (3.00)
Word and Image / Texte Et Image
Prereq: FREN 2501 and FREN 2601; or permission of the Department
Different yet inseparable, words and images have always interacted with each other in a variety of ways and forms (i.e. verbal portraiture, literary references to pictoral works, engravings and photographs used as illustrations or book covers, and the use of words in paintings). Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, this course explores the intersection of verbal texts and visual arts in Francophone literature and culture from the Middle Ages to the twenty-first century. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

FREN 3821 (3.00)
Writing in the Feminine / Écritures Au Féminin
Prereq: FREN 2501 and FREN 2601; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: Any version of FREN 3821 previously offered with a different title
Study of key concepts of feminist theories and of works by women writers of French expression. The focus, determined by the instructor, may be as narrow as works from one geographical region written during a well defined and limited time frame or as broad as a comparative study of works from different time periods and different geographical areas. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

FREN 3841 (3.00)
Critical Studies in Francophone Culture / Cultures Francophones: Études Critiques
Prereq: FREN 2501 and FREN 2601; or permission of the Department
Critical analysis from a Cultural Studies perspective of cultural identities in France and the French-speaking world. Readings will include literary and non-literary texts, both canonical and non-canonical, representing domains as diverse as history, politics, philosophy, popular culture and the popular press. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

FREN 3851 (3.00)
Textual Representations of Women / Représentations Des Femmes A Travers Les Siècles
Prereq: FREN 2501 and FREN 2601; or permission of the Department
This course examines how women have been represented in literary and cultural texts from the Middle Ages to the present. The focus, determined by the instructor, may be on women's changing representations in France and their socio-historical contexts throughout the centuries, or it may include works chosen from the broader field of la Francophonie. The course may concentrate on some important literary figures and their texts, compare female representations by women with those by men or explore certain themes such as women and the body, women and social issues (such as women's rights, women and work, women and politics), or women and marginality. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

FREN 3861 (3.00)
Portraits of the Artist in Québécois Literature / Portraits de L'artiste Dans la Littérature Québécoise
Prereq: FREN 2501 and FREN 2601; or permission of the Department
By examining characters of painters, writers and musicians in a selection of literary works from Québec, this course explores how literature can offer theories of creation and demonstrates why contemporary Québecois texts lend themselves particularly well to such a study. Furthermore, the course familiarizes students with concepts such as intertextuality, intermediality, portraiture, self- representation, and theories of character in fiction. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

FREN 3991 (3.00)
Special Topic in French
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for FREN 3991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

FREN 4001 (3.00)
Stylistics / Stylistique
Prereq: FREN 3111; or permission of the Department
An advanced study of written French, concentrating on the following: the peculiarities of French style, the nature of idiomatic expression and levels of language, "faux amis" and Canadianisms. Written exercises are required on a regular basis. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

FREN 4011 (3.00)
Basic Problems in Translation / Techniques de la Traduction Élémentaire
Prereq: FREN 3111; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: Any version of FREN 4011 previously offered with a different title
The course includes detailed study and written exercises dealing with the following: comparative stylistics (French/English), technical problems of translation, literal translation, transposition and equivalence. Written exercises in both translation and composition are required. (Format: Lecture/Workshop 3 Hours)

FREN 4950 (6.00)
Independent Study in French
This course permits senior students, under the direction of faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study. (Format: Independent Study) [Note 1: Permission of the Department/Program Advisor. Students must obtain consent of an instructor who is willing to be a supervisor and must register for the course prior to the last day for change of registration in the term during which the course is being taken. Note 2: A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. Note 3: Students may register for FREN 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

FREN 4951 (3.00)
Independent Study in French
This course permits senior students, under the direction of faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study. (Format: Independent Study) [Note 1: Permission of the Department/Program Advisor. Students must obtain consent of an instructor who is willing to be a supervisor and must register for the course prior to the last day for change of registration in the term during which the course is being taken. Note 2: A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. Note 3: Students may register for FREN 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

FREN 4990 (6.00)
Mémoire
(Honours Essay) The subject and program of research will be established at the end of the student's third year, and submitted for approval to the Department. The essay must show evidence of scholarly investigation and will be written in French. (Format: Independent Study/Essay) [Note 1: Permission of the Department is required.]

FREN 4991 (3.00)
Special Topic in French
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for FREN 4991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

GERMAN STUDIES

The German language is spoken by approximately 120 million people in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg and Liechtenstein, and by more than one million Canadians. German is one of the official languages of the European Union and is the second most widely used foreign language in Europe, including Eastern Europe.

German language courses are designed to impart a good working knowledge of German. Students will also gain insight into the culture and mode of life of the German-speaking countries. In addition, as experience shows, students of foreign languages generally show significant improvement in their primary language skills.

German literature is rich and varied. The program places particular emphasis on representative authors and movements in order to provide students access to the literary tradition as a whole. The literature courses also aim to provide a strong complement to the available language courses.

Language of Instruction

All courses in the German Studies curriculum are taught in German unless indicated otherwise by a note.

Disciplinary B.A. Programs

MINOR in German is 24 credits earned as follows:

15	from GERM 1001, 1011, 2001, 2011, 3001
3 to 6	from German 3/4000 level literature courses
3 to 6	from GERM 2601, 2701, 2811 and German 3/4000 level literature courses, chosen in consultation with the Program Advisor

Note: An interdisciplinary Major and Honours in Modern Languages, Literatures and Cultures (French, German, Spanish and Japanese), are also available.

GERMAN COURSES

Note: The listing of a course in the Calendar is not a guarantee that the course is offered every year.

GERM 1001 (3.00)
Elementary German I
Exclusion: GERM 1000
This is an intensive course designed for students with no previous knowledge of German. It focuses on the acquisition of basic proficiency in comprehension, speaking, reading, and writing the German language. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour)

GERM 1011 (3.00)
Elementary German II
Prereq: GERM 1001; or permission of the Department. Students entering from high school with advanced credit should contact the Department before enrolling
Exclusion: GERM 1000
The continuation of German 1001, this course pursues the acquisition of basic proficiency in comprehension, speaking, reading, and writing the German language. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour)

GERM 1991 (3.00)
Special Topic in German
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for GERM 1991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

GERM 2001 (3.00)
Intermediate German I
Prereq: GERM 1000 or 1011; or permission of the Department. Students entering from high school with advanced credit should see the Department before enrolling.
Exclusion: GERM 2000
This course gives a thorough review of German grammar and syntax, and expands active vocabulary to about 2000 words. Along with composition and conversation it introduces literary analysis. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour)

GERM 2011 (3.00)
Intermediate German II
Prereq: GERM 2001; or permission of the Department. Students entering from high school with advanced credit should contact the Department before enrolling
Exclusion: GERM 2000
The continuation of German 2001, this course pursues a review of grammar and syntax, the expansion of vocabulary, along with composition and conversation exercises and an introduction to literary analysis. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour)

GERM 2601 (3.00)
Modern German Literature and Culture
Prereq: GERM 1000 or 1011; or permission of the Department
This course offers a survey of key texts and ideas in modern German fiction from the Enlightenment to the twenty-first century. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: Language of instruction is English]

GERM 2701 (3.00)
The New German Film: History, Theory And Pratice. a Review of the Development Of German Cinema After WWII
After a brief history of German film making from its beginnings, and a discussion of the "grammar of film", the course follows the development of the New German Cinema after 1945, examining selected works against the social, economic, and political background. The course will be conducted as a lecture/seminar course, with screenings and discussions of relevant films (screen/video). (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Film Screening 2.5 Hours) [Note 1: Language of instruction is English.] [Note 2: This course may count as 3 credits in Art History.]

GERM 2811 (3.00)
Turn-of-the-Century Vienna
This course will investigate the cultural and social framework of turn-of-the-century Vienna, from approximately 1890 to 1914. It explores the rich intellectual climate that provided the basis for modernity (and decadence) in central Europe by approaching the period in an interdisciplinary fashion and by tracing developments in such diverse fields as literature, music, architecture and psychoanalysis. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: Language of instruction is English.]

GERM 2991 (3.00)
Special Topic in German
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for GERM 2991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

GERM 3001 (3.00)
Advanced German I
Prereq: GERM 2000 or 2011; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: GERM 3000
This course studies advanced grammar and syntax in German through further expansion of active vocabulary, frequent compositions, oral reports, and an introduction to stylistics. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour)

GERM 3401 (3.00)
Topics in German Literature I
Prereq: GERM 2000 or 2011; or permission of the Department
This course explores a selection of literary texts representative of the distinct literary tradition in German-speaking countries. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

GERM 3501 (3.00)
Topics in German Literature II
Prereq: GERM 2000 or 2011; or permission of the Department
This course explores a selection of literary texts representative of the distinct literary tradition in German-speaking countries. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

GERM 3991 (3.00)
Special Topic in German
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for GERM 3991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

GERM 4901 (3.00)
Directed Readings in German
Prereq: GERM 2000 or 2011 and permission of the Department
This course explores topics in German literature at an advanced level. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: GERM 4901 may be taken for credit more than once if the topic differs.]

GERM 4950 (6.00)
Independent Study in German
This course permits senior students, under the direction of faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study. (Format: Independent Study) [Note 1: Permission of the Department/Program Advisor. Students must obtain consent of an instructor who is willing to be a supervisor and must register for the course prior to the last day for change of registration in the term during which the course is being taken. Note 2: A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. Note 3: Students may register for GERM 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

GERM 4951 (3.00)
Independent Study in German
This course permits senior students, under the direction of faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study. (Format: Independent Study) [Note 1: Permission of the Department/Program Advisor. Students must obtain consent of an instructor who is willing to be a supervisor and must register for the course prior to the last day for change of registration in the term during which the course is being taken. Note 2: A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. Note 3: Students may register for GERM 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

GERM 4991 (3.00)
Special Topic in German
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for GERM 4991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

HISPANIC STUDIES

Spanish is one of the most widely spoken languages of the western world and is an official language of the United Nations' Organization. Canada's interest in the Spanish-speaking world is reflected in organizations such as CIDA, CUSO, WUSC and the Canadian Association of Latin American Studies.

Courses in Spanish, offered within the Department of Modern Languages and Literatures, offer the student a two-fold goal: the first, to learn to speak, understand, read and write this important language - particular attention is directed towards the students' achieving oral-aural proficiency, both in class and in the language laboratory; the second, to become familiar with the culture of the Hispanic world through study of its literary and artistic works. Prizes are offered by the Department for excellence in Spanish Studies.

The study of Spanish can be very important in preparing for a career in the diplomatic corps, various international agencies, teaching, translation, journalism, publishing, and commercial and cultural relations between Canada and Spanish-speaking countries.

The Department supports other programs and activities which enrich the course program. These include Club Hispanico, a film series, Casa Hispana (the Spanish-language section of the language house, when there is sufficient interest) and the possibilities of study in Spain and in Central or South America.

Language of Instruction

All courses in the Hispanic Studies curriculum are taught in Spanish unless indicated otherwise by a note.

Disciplinary B.A. Programs

MINOR in Hispanic Studies is 24 credits earned as follows:

18	from SPAN 1101, 1111, 2101, 2111, 3101, 3111
3	from SPAN 1801, 1811, 2301
3	from Spanish literature at the 3000/4000

MAJOR in Hispanic Studies is 60 credits earned as follows:

18	from SPAN 1101, 1111, 2101, 2111, 3101, 3111
6	from SPAN 1801, 1811, 2301
18	from Spanish courses at the 3000/4000 level
18	from complementary courses in Arts and Letters (which may include additional courses in Hispanic Studies), Humanities, and Social Sciences, chosen in consultation with the Program Advisor

Note: An interdisciplinary Major and Honours in Modern Languages, Literatures and Cultures (French, German, Spanish and Japanese), are also available.

SPANISH COURSES

Note: The listing of a course in the Calendar is not a guarantee that the course is offered every year.

SPAN 1101 (3.00)
Introductory Spanish I
Exclusion: SPAN 1100
This course teaches elements of Spanish grammar and pronunciation through practice and reading of prescribed texts. This is an intensive course designed for students who have no previous knowledge of Spanish. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour)

SPAN 1111 (3.00)
Introductory Spanish II
Prereq: SPAN 1101; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: SPAN 1100
The continuation of SPAN 1101, this course focuses on elements of Spanish grammar and pronunciation through practice and reading of prescribed texts. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour)

SPAN 1801 (3.00)
Spain: A Mosaic of Cultures
Exclusion: SPAN 2001, any version of SPAN 1801 previously offered with a different title
This course introduces the history, culture and art of Spain. It focuses on a number of specific eras which were important to the evolution of Spanish identity: the Muslim world, the conquest of America and the Golden Age, the 1898 War, the Spanish Civil War, and the contemporary era. The course intends to show that historical events which occurred in Spain continue to have international repercussions and affect us as a global society today. It explores the culture of Spain across the centuries using various resources including cinema, literature, documents, popular culture and music. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: Language of instruction is English.]

SPAN 1811 (3.00)
Latin America in Its Own Voices
Exclusion: SPAN 2011
An introduction to Latin American cultures through selected literacy texts, films, and other readings, in their historical and social contexts. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: Language of instruction is English.]

SPAN 1991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Hispanic Studies
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for SPAN 1991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

SPAN 2101 (3.00)
Intermediate Spanish I
Prereq: SPAN 1100, SPAN 1111; or permission of the Deparmtent
Exclusion: SPAN 2100
This course consolidates and develops language skills acquired in first year Spanish. It offers intermediate Spanish grammar, oral practice, reading of prescribed texts, and an introduction to Hispanic cultures. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour)

SPAN 2111 (3.00)
Intermediate Spanish II
Prereq: SPAN 2101; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: SPAN 2100
The continuation of SPAN 2101, this course combines intermediate Spanish grammar, translation, oral practice, and reading of prescribed texts with a further introduction to Hispanic literatures and cultures. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour)

SPAN 2301 (3.00)
Latino Literature of the United States And Canada
Prereq: SPAN 1100 or SPAN 1111 or equivalent; or permission of the Department
This course surveys the works of writers of Hispanic origin, including U.S. - and Canadian-born authors of Hispanic ancestry and immigrants from Spanish-speaking countries. It includes representative works of poetry, narrative prose, and dramatic literature, studied in a socio-historical context, with readings on 'border culture' and other critical writings on transculturation, displacement, and linguistic identity. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours) [Note 1: Language of instruction is English.]

SPAN 2991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Hispanic Studies
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for SPAN 2991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

SPAN 3060 (6.00)
Field Study in Language and Culture
Prereq: SPAN 2101 and permission of the Department
This course includes intensive study of the Spanish language as well as instruction in history and culture with an emphasis on sociolinguistic aspects of the country in which it is taught. Students participating in this course will combine their classroom instruction with a significant component of field research in theatre, film, or other related arts. (Format: Field Course) [Note 1: This course is only available to students during the Spring/Summer Term. Students should be aware of the additional costs of travel and participation fees.]

SPAN 3101 (3.00)
Advanced Spanish I
Prereq: SPAN 2100 or SPAN 2111; or permission of the Department
This course includes intensive conversation, composition and translation. Applied grammar will be included, as will exposure to Hispanic cultures through audiovisual resources (film, print journalism and computer-based sources). Three class periods per week, plus a fourth hour to be arranged after classes have begun. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour)

SPAN 3111 (3.00)
Advanced Spanish II
Prereq: SPAN 3101; or permission of the Department
A continuation of the Advanced Spanish Language course, primarily through literary texts from Spain and Latin America. This course includes intensive practice in writing, translation, and oral expression, and offers an introduction to Hispanic Literatures that is a prerequisite (or, with permission from the Department, a co-requisite) for all Hispanic Studies courses numbered 3200 and higher. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

SPAN 3201 (3.00)
Medieval Spanish Literature
Prereq: SPAN 3101 and 3111; or permission of the Department
A study of the rise and evolution of Spanish literature against its historical background through the reading and discussion of literary works of all types from the 11th to the 15th centuries. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

SPAN 3211 (3.00)
Spanish Literature of the Golden Age
Prereq: SPAN 3101 and 3111; or permission of the Department
A study of the literature of Spain of the 16th and 17th centuries. Particular attention will be given to poetry, theatre and the novel. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

SPAN 3221 (3.00)
Nineteenth-Century Spanish Literature
Prereq: SPAN 3101 and 3111; or permission of the Department
A study of the poetry and theatre of the Romantic period and of the novel of the second half of the century. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

SPAN 3231 (3.00)
Contemporary Spanish Literature
Prereq: SPAN 3101 and 3111; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: Any version of SPAN 3231 previously offered with a different title
This course is a study of selected poetry, novels and plays of this period beginning with the "Generacion de 1898". (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

SPAN 3301 (3.00)
Short Prose of Latin America
Prereq: SPAN 3101 and 3111; or permission of the Department
A survey of the short story and the essay, concentrating primarily on the Twentieth Century. Readings from some of the principal essayists and short story writers. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

SPAN 3311 (3.00)
The Spanish-American Novel
Prereq: SPAN 3101 and 3111; or permission of the Department
A study of 19th and 20th-Century novels and of the principal themes and forms of the genre. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

SPAN 3321 (3.00)
Spanish-American Theatre
Prereq: SPAN 3101 and 3111; or permission of the Department
A survey of the theatre of Latin America, through a study of key examples of its dramatic literature and historical trends. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

SPAN 3331 (3.00)
Spanish-American Poetry
Prereq: SPAN 3101 and 3111; or permission of the Department
A survey of the poetry of Latin America, concentrating on the modern (20th Century) period. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

SPAN 3991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Hispanic Studies
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for SPAN 3991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

SPAN 4950 (6.00)
Independent Study in Hispanic Studies
This course permits senior students, under the direction of faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study. (Format: Independent Study) [Note 1: Permission of the Department/Program Advisor. Students must obtain consent of an instructor who is willing to be a supervisor and must register for the course prior to the last day for change of registration in the term during which the course is being taken. Note 2: A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. Note 3: Students may register for SPAN 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

SPAN 4951 (3.00)
Independent Study in Hispanic Studies
This course permits senior students, under the direction of faculty members, to pursue their interest in areas not covered, or not covered in depth, by other courses through a program of independent study. (Format: Independent Study) [Note 1: Permission of the Department/Program Advisor. Students must obtain consent of an instructor who is willing to be a supervisor and must register for the course prior to the last day for change of registration in the term during which the course is being taken. Note 2: A program on Independent Study cannot duplicate subject matter covered through regular course offerings. Note 3: Students may register for SPAN 4950/51 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

SPAN 4991 (3.00)
Special Topic in Hispanic Studies
Prereq: 6 credits from 3000 level Spanish courses; or permission of the Department
This course either focuses on topics not covered by the current course offerings in a department or program or offers the opportunity to pilot a course that is being considered for inclusion in the regular program. (Format: Variable) [Note 1: Prerequisite set by Department/Program when the topic and level are announced. Note 2: When a Department or Program intends to offer a course under this designation, it must submit course information, normally at least three months in advance, to the Dean. Note 3: Students may register for SPAN 4991 more than once, provided the subject matter differs.]

JAPANESE STUDIES

Interdisciplinary B.A. Program

MINOR in Japanese Studies is 24 credits earned as follows:

12	from JAPA 1001, 1011, 2001, 2011
12	from ECON 3501, 4531,GENV 3321, HIST 2721, 2731, RELG 3101, 3891

Note: Transfer credits earned at Kwansei Gakuin University may be applied in fulfillment of this program with permission of the Program Advisor and an Academic Dean. Exchange students who have earned 60 or more credits in Japanese Studies may apply for approval of a specially approved Interdisciplinary Major in Japanese Studies in accordance with Calendar Regulation 11.2.12.

Note: An interdisciplinary Major and Honours in Modern Languages, Literatures and Cultures (French, German, Spanish and Japanese), are also available.

JAPANESE COURSES

Note: The listing of a course in the calendar is not a guarantee that the course is offered every year.

JAPA 1001 (3.00)
Introductory Japanese I
Exclusion: JAPA 1000
This course offers an introduction to the main elements of the modern Japanese language. It emphasizes learning the hiragana and katakana systems of writing and the essentials of grammar. It is intended for students with no prior background in Japanese. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour)

JAPA 1011 (3.00)
Introductory Japanese II
Prereq: JAPA 1001; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: JAPA 1000
A continuation of JAPA 1001, this course introduces the main elements of the modern Japanese language. It emphasizes learning the hiragana and katakana systems of writing and the essentials of grammar. In addition students begin to learn the kanji character form and there is an increasing emphasis on communication in spoken and written Japanese. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour)

JAPA 2001 (3.00)
Intermediate Japanese I
Prereq: JAPA 1000 or JAPA 1011; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: JAPA 2000
This course is a continuation of JAPA 1011, directing particular attention to communications skills in both writing and speaking Japanese. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour)

JAPA 2011 (3.00)
Intermediate Japanese II
Prereq: JAPA 2001; or permission of the Department
Exclusion: JAPA 2000
This course is a continuation of JAPA 2001 directing particular attention to communications skills in both writing and speaking Japanese. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours, Laboratory 1 Hour)

LINGUISTICS

Like other inquiries which are central to human experience, language has long been the focus of intellectual examination. Speculation on the nature of language appears in the works of Plato, Aristotle and other Greek philosophers. Although a number of disciplines, from literary studies to computer science, share the study of language with linguistics, the focus of linguistics is the scientific study of language. Linguists are interested in how human language is organized in the human mind and in how the social structures of human communities shape language to their own purposes, reflecting themselves in language use.

LINGUISTICS COURSES

Note: The listing of a course in the Calendar is not a guarantee that the course is offered every year.

Note: Students must obtain a grade of at least C- in all courses used to fulfill prerequisite requirements. Otherwise, written permission of the appropriate Department or Program Co-ordinator must be obtained.

LING 2001 (3.00)
Introduction to the Study of Language
A general-interest course intended to acquaint students in all fields with the structural, social and psychological forces that shape language, beginning with a consideration of the origins and nature of language and proceeding to an examination of languages as systems and the ways they structure meaning. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

LING 3001 (3.00)
Fundamentals of General Linguistics
Prereq: Normally LING 2001 and a minimum of six credits in a language other than English are expected. However, students completing a Major or Honours in Modern Languages, Literatures and Cultures will be admitted without LING 2001; or permission of the Department
This course on the nature and structure of language examines the physiology of speech, word formation, theoretical concepts of sentence generation, and the phonological and historical forces involved in language creation and language change. It is recommended for senior students in language and literary studies, and students interested in language pathology. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

LING 3011 (3.00)
Language and Society
Prereq: LING 2001 and a minimum of six credits in a language other than English; or permission of the Department
This course is an introduction to issues and methods in the field of sociolinguistics, the study of the interaction between language and the structure and functioning of society. It includes topics in language variation, the contact of languages and bilingualism, and issues in second-language acquisition. (Format: Lecture 3 Hours)

MODERN LANGUAGES, LITERATURES AND CULTURES

Interdisciplinary B.A. Program

MAJOR in Modern Languages, Literatures, and Cultures is 72 credits earned as follows:

A.	33 credits from one of French or Hispanic Studies, with a minimum of 15 from the 3/4000 levels, as follows:
	33	21 from FREN 1701, 1711, 2401, 2501, 2601, 3101 and 3111
		3 to 6 from FREN 1801, 1811, 2801, 2841, 3841
		6 to 9 from French literature 3301, 3401, 3411, 3501, 3511, 3601, 3611, 3621, 3721, 3731, 3741, 3801, 3811, 3821, 3841, 3851, 3861, 4951
or	33	18 from SPAN 1101, 1111, 2101, 2111, 3101, 3111
		3 to 6 from SPAN 1801, 1811, 2301
		9 to 12 from SPAN 3060, 3201, 3211, 3221, 3231, 3301, 3311, 3321, 3331, 4800/4801, 4950/51
B.	24 credits from a second of the three study areas listed below, as follows:
	24	18 from FREN 1701, 1711, 2401, 2501, 3101 and 3111
		6 from FREN 1801, 1811, 2601, 2801, 2841, 3301, 3401, 3411, 3501, 3511, 3601, 3611, 3621, 3721, 3731, 3741, 3801, 3811, 3821, 3841, 3851, 3861, 4951
or	24	15 from GERM 1001, 1011, 2001, 2011, 3001
		9 from GERM 2601, 2701, 2811, 3401, 3501, 4901, 4951
or	24	18 from SPAN 1101, 1111, 2101, 2111, 3101, 3111
		6 from SPAN 1801, 1811, 2301, 3060, 3201, 3211, 3221, 3231, 3301, 3311, 3321, 3331, 4800/4801, 4950/51
C.	12 credits from a third language, other than those previously selected, chosen from French, German, Spanish or Japanese, as follows:
	12	from FREN 1701, 1711, 2401, 2501
or	12	from GERM 1001, 1011, 2001, 2011
or	12	from SPAN 1101, 1111, 2101, 2111
or	12	from JAPA 1001, 1011, 2001, 2011
D.	3	from Linguistics 3001

Note: All literature and culture courses are to be chosen in consultation with the Program Advisor.

Note: Any student exempted from a language course must replace that course with a language course at a higher level, or if none is available, with a literature or culture course taught in the target language, chosen in consultation with the Program Advisor.

Note: Students choosing this major may not complete a minor in either the first or second languages of specialization; they may complete a minor in the third language of specialization.

HONOURS in Modern Languages, Literatures and Cultures is composed of 78 credits as follows:

72	credits as earned in the Modern Languages, Literatures and Cultures degree, and
6	credits from MLLC 4990 (Honours Essay)

Note: Students completing this Honours program may not record a minor in either the first or second languages of specialization.

MODERN LANGUAGES, LITERATURES AND CULTURES COURSES

Note: The listing of a course in the Calendar is not a guarantee that the course is offered every year.

MLLC 4990 (6.00)
Honours Essay
The subject and program of research will be established at the end of the third year and submitted to the Department for approval. The essay must show evidence of scholarly investigation. (Format: Independent Study/Thesis) [Note 1: Permission of the Department is required.]

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